Fatigue Properties and Its Prediction of Polymer Concrete for the Repair of Asphalt Pavements
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Aggregates
2.1.2. Polymer Binders
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. Testing Methods
2.3.1. Aggregate Feature Measurement
2.3.2. Semi-Circular Bending Test
3. Results
3.1. SCB Strength Test
3.2. Displacement Changes of SCB Fatigue Test
3.3. Attenuation of Stiffness Modulus with Loading Cycles
3.4. Evaluation and Prediction of Fatigue Life
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Based on the SCB strength test results, it shows that the polymer content and sand ratio have significant influence on the flexural strength. The strength increases nonlinearly with the increasing polymer content, rapidly at first and then slowly. However, as the sand ratio exceeds 30%, the flexural strength of the PC decreases.
- (2)
- According to displacement changes of PC under repeated loadings, the testing process presents three stages, i.e., undamaged stage, damage development stage, and fatigue failure stage, as the number of cycles increases. Moreover, the stress level increases, and the fatigue life and final displacement tend to decrease.
- (3)
- In terms of the stiffness modulus, the fatigue damage of specimens may result in the decay of the stiffness modulus. Meanwhile, the stiffness modulus is dependent on the stress level. The average modulus of the specimens increases approximately linearly with the increasing stress.
- (4)
- A prediction model of fatigue life is established containing stress level, polymer content, tensile strength and sand ratio. The basic frame of fatigue life prediction is a power function, and the stress level plays an essential role for the predictability and accuracy.
- (5)
- The fatigue life has a strong correlation with the type of binder and the mixing gradation. Meanwhile, the optimal sand ratio of PC can be determined by the proposed empirical function. According to aggregate shape analysis, the effects of angularity and texture on fatigue life are more significant, whereas the effect of sphericity is relatively weak.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | Units | Results | Requirements | |
5–10 mm | 10–16 mm | |||
Apparent density | g/cm3 | 2.718 | 2.735 | ≥2.65 |
Crushing value | % | 16.7 | 17.4 | ≤22 |
Water absorption | % | 0.43 | 0.41 | ≤1.5 |
Los Angeles attrition loss | % | 16.0 | 16.7 | ≤22.0 |
Mud content | % | 0.45 | 0.3 | ≤0.8 |
Items | Units | Epoxy Resin | Polyurethane |
---|---|---|---|
Density | g/cm3 | 1.317 | 1.117 |
PH | — | 7.5 | 8.1 |
Melting point | °C | 252 | 175 |
Thermal expansion | μm/mK | 54 | 160 |
Viscosity | MPa·s, 25 °C | 2734 | 1233 |
Tensile strength | MPa | 2.7 | 1.9 |
Elongation at break | % | 200 | 550 |
Curing time | h | 12 | ≤12 |
Particle Size (mm) | Value | Percentage of Flat- elongated Particles (%) | Texture | Gradient Angularity | Sphericity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5–10 | Mean | 8.34 | 343.6 | 3283 | 0.67 |
Standard deviation | — | 93.5 | 802.5 | 0.08 | |
10–16 | Mean | 7.98 | 422.9 | 2961 | 0.69 |
Standard deviation | — | 124.2 | 671.8 | 0.09 |
Sand Ratio (%) | Polymer Content (%) | ER–PC | PU–PC | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCB Strength (MPa) | CV(%) | SCB Strength (MPa) | CV(%) | ||
25 | 5 | 2.29 | 5.80 | 1.28 | 4.17 |
10 | 9.88 | 5.40 | 7.34 | 4.29 | |
15 | 14.05 | 5.31 | 11.97 | 5.09 | |
20 | 16.68 | 5.91 | 13.51 | 4.22 | |
30 | 5 | 2.98 | 4.92 | 1.76 | 4.47 |
10 | 12.02 | 5.76 | 5.94 | 4.15 | |
15 | 16.27 | 4.30 | 13.19 | 4.43 | |
20 | 18.82 | 6.09 | 15.24 | 5.10 | |
35 | 5 | 2.71 | 4.55 | 1.49 | 4.62 |
10 | 10.63 | 5.81 | 4.91 | 4.19 | |
15 | 15.11 | 5.19 | 11.27 | 4.82 | |
20 | 17.83 | 6.44 | 14.45 | 4.83 |
Sand Ratio (%) | Polymer Content (%) | ER–PC | PU–PC | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K1 | K2 | R2 (%) | K1 | K2 | R2 (%) | ||
25 | 5 | 110.910 | 3.033 | 99.42 | 81.855 | 3.005 | 99.05 |
10 | 152.310 | 3.082 | 99.77 | 97.822 | 3.134 | 99.58 | |
15 | 235.350 | 2.824 | 99.95 | 150.340 | 2.883 | 99.77 | |
20 | 343.560 | 2.618 | 99.99 | 200.460 | 2.758 | 99.91 | |
30 | 5 | 157.050 | 2.972 | 99.8 | 122.080 | 3.079 | 99.62 |
10 | 176.190 | 3.141 | 99.98 | 170.620 | 3.114 | 99.86 | |
15 | 289.830 | 2.872 | 99.95 | 265.170 | 2.887 | 99.94 | |
20 | 431.950 | 2.643 | 99.85 | 398.970 | 2.657 | 99.93 | |
35 | 5 | 119.320 | 3.109 | 99.4 | 88.262 | 3.083 | 99.6 |
10 | 172.020 | 3.074 | 99.85 | 112.890 | 3.171 | 99.95 | |
15 | 296.260 | 2.763 | 99.99 | 189.090 | 2.879 | 99.95 | |
20 | 415.400 | 2.593 | 99.99 | 265.690 | 2.691 | 99.98 |
Materials | Sand Ratio (%) | a | b | R2 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
ER–PC | 25 | 0.8959 | 3.8454 | 1 |
30 | 1.4134 | −1.1837 | 99.97 | |
35 | 1.1071 | 7.3932 | 99.54 | |
PU–PC | 25 | 0.3479 | 2.9345 | 99.49 |
30 | 1.1604 | 3.5212 | 99.99 | |
35 | 0.6810 | 3.0317 | 99.67 |
Polymer Matrix | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Sand Ratio (%) | Aggregate Morphology | K1 | K2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Texture | Angularity | Sphericity | |||||
ER | 2.7 | 25 | 368.2 | 3056 | 0.69 | 110.91 | 3.033 |
2.7 | 30 | 359.2 | 2991 | 0.69 | 157.05 | 2.972 | |
2.7 | 35 | 368.5 | 3263 | 0.68 | 119.32 | 3.109 | |
PU | 1.9 | 25 | 365.6 | 2967 | 0.67 | 81.855 | 3.006 |
1.9 | 30 | 368.4 | 3197 | 0.68 | 122.08 | 3.079 | |
1.9 | 35 | 372.2 | 3270 | 0.68 | 88.262 | 3.083 |
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Ren, S.; Hu, X. Fatigue Properties and Its Prediction of Polymer Concrete for the Repair of Asphalt Pavements. Polymers 2022, 14, 2941. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14142941
Ren S, Hu X. Fatigue Properties and Its Prediction of Polymer Concrete for the Repair of Asphalt Pavements. Polymers. 2022; 14(14):2941. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14142941
Chicago/Turabian StyleRen, Senzhi, and Xin Hu. 2022. "Fatigue Properties and Its Prediction of Polymer Concrete for the Repair of Asphalt Pavements" Polymers 14, no. 14: 2941. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14142941