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Volume 15
Issue 9
10.3390/cryst15090825
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Article

Microgravity-Grown Crystals as Seeds for Pharmaceutical Compounds

by
Jessica Paulson
1,
Lillian Miller
1,
Stephen Tuma
2,
Molly K. Mulligan
2,
Kenneth A. Savin
2 and
Anne M. Wilson
1,*
1
Clowes Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA
2
Redwire, 7200 US-150, Greenville, IN 47124, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Crystals 2025, 15(9), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15090825
Submission received: 26 August 2025 / Revised: 17 September 2025 / Accepted: 18 September 2025 / Published: 20 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Biomolecular Crystals)
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Abstract

Polymorph formation of pharmaceutical agents continues to be a challenge for the industry. Using seeds to provide the desired polymorphic form is a practice that circumvents this obstacle. Crystals grown in a microgravity environment provide an optimal template for seeding additional crystallization. In this study, single crystals were utilized as seeds for multiple generations of the same polymorph formation for carbamazepine and atorvastatin calcium. This study shows that microgravity can provide different polymorphs than ground studies under the same conditions and that these crystals are excellent seeds for up to 10 generations of crystal growth.
Keywords: crystallization; seeds; microgravity; polymorphs crystallization; seeds; microgravity; polymorphs

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MDPI and ACS Style

Paulson, J.; Miller, L.; Tuma, S.; Mulligan, M.K.; Savin, K.A.; Wilson, A.M. Microgravity-Grown Crystals as Seeds for Pharmaceutical Compounds. Crystals 2025, 15, 825. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15090825

AMA Style

Paulson J, Miller L, Tuma S, Mulligan MK, Savin KA, Wilson AM. Microgravity-Grown Crystals as Seeds for Pharmaceutical Compounds. Crystals. 2025; 15(9):825. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15090825

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paulson, Jessica, Lillian Miller, Stephen Tuma, Molly K. Mulligan, Kenneth A. Savin, and Anne M. Wilson. 2025. "Microgravity-Grown Crystals as Seeds for Pharmaceutical Compounds" Crystals 15, no. 9: 825. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15090825

APA Style

Paulson, J., Miller, L., Tuma, S., Mulligan, M. K., Savin, K. A., & Wilson, A. M. (2025). Microgravity-Grown Crystals as Seeds for Pharmaceutical Compounds. Crystals, 15(9), 825. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15090825

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