Synergistic Effect of Amorphous Ti(IV)-Hole and Ni(II)-Electron Cocatalysts for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of Bi2WO6
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Characterization of Ni/Ti-Bi2WO6
2.1.1. SEM, TEM, and EDS Analysis
2.1.2. XRD Analysis
2.1.3. XPS Analysis
2.1.4. UV-vis Analysis
2.1.5. UV-Vis Analysis
2.2. Evaluation of Photocatalytic Activity
2.2.1. Photocatalytic Degradation of TC
2.2.2. Reusability and Stability
2.2.3. Roles of Reactive Species
2.3. Possible Photocatalytic Mechanism
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Preparation of Photocatalyst
3.1.1. Preparation of Ni-doping Bi2WO6
3.1.2. Preparation of Ti-doping Bi2WO6
3.1.3. Preparation of Ni/Ti-doping Bi2WO6
3.2. Characterization
3.3. Photocatalytic Test
Photocatalytic Degradation
3.4. Active Species Capturing Experiments
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Nie, M.; Yan, C.; Li, M.; Wang, X.; Bi, W.; Dong, W. Degradation of chloramphenicol by persulfate activated by Fe2+ and zerovalent iron. Chem. Eng. J. 2015, 279, 507–515. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kümmerer, K. Antibiotics in the aquatic environment—A review–part I. Chemosphere 2009, 75, 417–434. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chelliapan, S.; Wilby, T.; Sallis, P.J. Performance of an up-flow anaerobic stage reactor (UASR) in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing macrolide antibiotics. Water Res. 2006, 40, 507–516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Trovo, A.G.; Nogueira, R.F.P.; Agüera, A.; Fernandez-Alba, A.R.; Malato, S. Degradation of the antibiotic amoxicillin by photo-Fenton process–chemical and toxicological assessment. Water Res. 2011, 45, 1394–1402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Chatzitakis, A.; Berberidou, C.; Paspaltsis, I.; Kyriakou, G.; Sklaviadis, T.; Poulios, I. Photocatalytic degradation and drug activity reduction of chloramphenicol. Water Res. 2008, 42, 386–394. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nebel, C.E. A source of energetic electrons. Nat. Mater. 2013, 12, 780–781. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Romão, J.; Mul, G. Substrate specificity in photocatalytic degradation of mixtures of organic contaminants in water. ACS Catal. 2016, 6, 1254–1262. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Simsek, E.B. Solvothermal synthesized boron doped TiO2 catalysts: Photocatalytic degradation of endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceuticals under visible light irradiation. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2017, 200, 309–322. [Google Scholar]
- Fujishima, A.; Honda, K. Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode. Nature 1972, 238, 37–38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Luo, M.-L.; Zhao, J.-Q.; Tang, W.; Pu, C.-S. Hydrophilic modification of poly (ether sulfone) ultrafiltration membrane surface by self-assembly of TiO2 nanoparticles. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2005, 249, 76–84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hu, J.; Li, H.; Muhammad, S.; Wu, Q.; Zhao, Y.; Jiao, Q. Surfactant-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites and their photocatalytic performances. J. Solid State Chem. 2017, 253, 113–120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, L.; Liu, Z.; Bai, H.; Sun, D.D. Concurrent filtration and solar photocatalytic disinfection/degradation using high-performance Ag/TiO2 nanofiber membrane. Water Res. 2012, 46, 1101–1112. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hong, L.-F.; Guo, R.-T.; Yuan, Y.; Ji, X.-Y.; Lin, Z.-D.; Li, Z.-S.; Pan, W.-G. Recent progress of transition metal phosphides for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. ChemSusChem 2021, 14, 539–557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yan, Y.; Yang, M.; Shi, H.; Wang, C.; Fan, J.; Liu, E.; Hu, X. CuInS2 sensitized TiO2 for enhanced photodegradation and hydrogen production. Ceram. Int. 2019, 45, 6093–6101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, G.; Ding, H.; Chen, D.; Feng, J.; Hao, Q.; Zhu, Y. Construction of urchin-like ZnIn2S4-Au-TiO2 heterostructure with enhanced activity for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2018, 234, 260–267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Y.; Yang, B.; He, H.; Yang, S.; Duan, X.; Wang, S. Bismuth-based complex oxides for photocatalytic applications in environmental remediation and water splitting: A review. Sci. Total Environ. 2022, 804, 150215. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, L.; Wang, H.; Chen, Z.; Wong, P.K.; Liu, J. Bi2WO6 micro/nano-structures: Synthesis, modifications and visible-light-driven photocatalytic applications. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2011, 106, 1–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, C.; Wang, R. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6 for the degradation of TC by synergistic effects between amorphous Ti and Ni as hole–electron cocatalysts. New J. Chem. 2020, 44, 10833–10839. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yi, H.; Qin, L.; Huang, D.; Zeng, G.; Lai, C.; Liu, X.; Li, B.; Wang, H.; Zhou, C.; Huang, F. Nano-structured bismuth tungstate with controlled morphology: Fabrication, modification, environmental application and mechanism insight. Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 358, 480–496. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, M.; Han, Q.; Li, L.; Tang, L.; Li, H.; Zhou, Y.; Zou, Z. Construction of an all-solid-state artificial Z-scheme system consisting of Bi2WO6/Au/CdS nanostructure for photocatalytic CO2 reduction into renewable hydrocarbon fuel. Nanotechnology 2017, 28, 274002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Z.; Zhu, L.; Wu, W.; Wang, S.; Qiang, L. Highly efficient photocatalysis toward tetracycline under simulated solar-light by Ag+-CDs-Bi2WO6: Synergistic effects of silver ions and carbon dots. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2016, 192, 277–285. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Q.; Lu, Q.; Yao, L.; Sun, K.; Wei, M.; Guo, E. Preparation and characterization of ultrathin Pt/CeO2/Bi2WO6 nanobelts with enhanced photoelectrochemical properties. Dye. Pigm. 2018, 149, 612–619. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Y.; He, J.; Qi, Y.; Wang, Y.; Long, F.; Wang, M. Preparation of flower-like BiOBr/Bi2WO6 Z-scheme heterojunction through an ion exchange process with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 2022, 137, 106195. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, G.; Cui, P.; Liu, X.; Wang, X.; Liu, G.; Zhang, C.; Liu, M.; Chen, Y.; Xu, S. A facile preparation strategy for Bi2O4/Bi2WO6 heterojunction with excellent visible light photocatalytic activity. J. Solid State Chem. 2020, 290, 121542. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Liu, Y.-J.; Li, S.-Y.; Ye, M.; Shao, Y.-H.; Wang, R.; Guo, L.-F.; Zhao, C.-E.; Wei, A. Low temperature synthesis of tungsten trioxide/bismuth tungstate heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2017, 17, 5520–5524. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, F.; Gu, Y.; Yang, Z.; Xie, Y.; Zhang, J.; Shang, X.; Zhao, H.; Zhang, Z.; Wang, X. The effect of halogen on BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I)/Bi2WO6 heterojunction for visible-light-driven photocatalytic benzyl alcohol selective oxidation. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 2018, 567, 65–72. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ning, J.; Zhang, J.; Dai, R.; Wu, Q.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, W.; Yan, J.; Zhang, F. Experiment and DFT study on the photocatalytic properties of La-doped Bi2WO6 nanoplate-like materials. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2022, 579, 152219. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Longchin, P.; Sakulsermsuk, S.; Wetchakun, K.; Kidkhunthod, P.; Wetchakun, N. Roles of Mo dopant in Bi2WO6 for enhancing photocatalytic activities. Dalton Trans. 2021, 50, 12619–12629. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gu, H.; Yu, L.; Wang, J.; Ni, M.; Liu, T.; Chen, F. Tunable luminescence and enhanced photocatalytic activity for Eu (III) doped Bi2WO6 nanoparticles. Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 2017, 177, 58–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Song, X.C.; Zhou, H.; Zhen Huang, W.; Wang, L.; Zheng, Y.F. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of nano-Bi2WO6 by tin doping. Curr. Nano. 2015, 11, 627–632. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ge, L.; Han, C.; Liu, J. Novel visible light-induced g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 composite photocatalysts for efficient degradation of methyl orange. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2011, 108, 100–107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, L.; Ding, L.; Liu, Y.; An, W.; Lin, S.; Liang, Y.; Cui, W. Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity by Cu2O-coupled flower-like Bi2WO6 structures. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2016, 364, 505–515. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ge, M.; Li, Y.; Liu, L.; Zhou, Z.; Chen, W. Bi2O3−Bi2WO6 composite microspheres: Hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic performances. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 5220–5225. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lu, Y.; Xu, Y.; Wu, Q.; Yu, H.; Zhao, Y.; Qu, J.; Huo, M.; Yuan, X. Synthesis of Cu2O nanocrystals/TiO2 photonic crystal composite for efficient p-nitrophenol removal. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2018, 539, 291–300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mehraj, O.; Pirzada, B.M.; Mir, N.A.; Sultana, S.; Sabir, S. Ag2S sensitized mesoporous Bi2WO6 architectures with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity and recycling properties. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 42910–42921. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, N.; Ciriminna, R.; Pagliaro, M.; Xu, Y.-J. Nanochemistry-derived Bi2WO6 nanostructures: Towards production of sustainable chemicals and fuels induced by visible light. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 5276–5287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ran, J.; Zhang, J.; Yu, J.; Jaroniec, M.; Qiao, S.Z. Earth-abundant cocatalysts for semiconductor-based photocatalytic water splitting. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 7787–7812. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wen, J.; Li, X.; Li, H.; Ma, S.; He, K.; Xu, Y.; Fang, Y.; Liu, W.; Gao, Q. Enhanced visible-light H2 evolution of g-C3N4 photocatalysts via the synergetic effect of amorphous NiS and cheap metal-free carbon black nanoparticles as co-catalysts. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2015, 358, 204–212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, L.; Ji, Z.; Zou, W.; Gu, X.; Deng, Y.; Gao, F.; Tang, C.; Dong, L. In situ loading transition metal oxide clusters on TiO2 nanosheets as co-catalysts for exceptional high photoactivity. Acs Catal. 2013, 3, 2052–2061. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yu, H.; Chen, W.; Wang, X.; Xu, Y.; Yu, J. Enhanced photocatalytic activity and photoinduced stability of Ag-based photocatalysts: The synergistic action of amorphous-Ti (IV) and Fe (III) cocatalysts. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2016, 187, 163–170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ohno, T.; Bai, L.; Hisatomi, T.; Maeda, K.; Domen, K. Photocatalytic water splitting using modified GaN: ZnO solid solution under visible light: Long-time operation and regeneration of activity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 8254–8259. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yang, J.; Yan, H.; Wang, X.; Wen, F.; Wang, Z.; Fan, D.; Shi, J.; Li, C. Roles of cocatalysts in Pt–PdS/CdS with exceptionally high quantum efficiency for photocatalytic hydrogen production. J. Catal. 2012, 290, 151–157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Higashi, M.; Domen, K.; Abe, R. Highly stable water splitting on oxynitride TaON photoanode system under visible light irradiation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 6968–6971. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xie, Y.P.; Liu, G.; Lu, G.Q.M.; Cheng, H.-M. Boron oxynitride nanoclusters on tungsten trioxide as a metal-free cocatalyst for photocatalytic oxygen evolution from water splitting. Nanoscale 2012, 4, 1267–1270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liang, S.; Xia, Y.; Zhu, S.; Zheng, S.; He, Y.; Bi, J.; Liu, M.; Wu, L. Au and Pt co-loaded g-C3N4 nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light irradiation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2015, 358, 304–312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhu, X.; Yu, J.; Jiang, C.; Cheng, B. Catalytic decomposition and mechanism of formaldehyde over Pt–Al2O3 molecular sieves at room temperature. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2017, 19, 6957–6963. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yan, H.; Yang, J.; Ma, G.; Wu, G.; Zong, X.; Lei, Z.; Shi, J.; Li, C. Visible-light-driven hydrogen production with extremely high quantum efficiency on Pt–PdS/CdS photocatalyst. J. Catal. 2009, 266, 165–168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Keerthana, S.; Rani, B.J.; Ravi, G.; Yuvakkumar, R.; Hong, S.; Velauthapillai, D.; Saravanakumar, B.; Thambidurai, M.; Dang, C. Ni doped Bi2WO6 for electrochemical OER activity. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2020, 45, 18859–18866. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, H.; Wen, Z.; Liu, J.; Ke, J.; Duan, X.; Wang, S. Z-scheme plasmonic Ag decorated WO3/Bi2WO6 hybrids for enhanced photocatalytic abatement of chlorinated-VOCs under solar light irradiation. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2019, 242, 76–84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, Y.; Song, J.; Chen, F.; Wang, X.; Yu, H.; Yu, J. Amorphous Ti (iv)-modified Bi2WO6 with enhanced photocatalytic performance. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 65902–65910. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Singh, J.; Gusain, A.; Saxena, V.; Chauhan, A.; Veerender, P.; Koiry, S.; Jha, P.; Jain, A.; Aswal, D.; Gupta, S. XPS, UV–vis, FTIR, and EXAFS studies to investigate the binding mechanism of N719 dye onto oxalic acid treated TiO2 and its implication on photovoltaic properties. J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 21096–21104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Z.; Liu, G.; Ding, C.; Chen, Z.; Zhang, F.; Shi, J.; Li, C. Synergetic effect of conjugated Ni(OH)2/IrO2 cocatalyst on titanium-doped hematite photoanode for solar water splitting. J. Phys. Chem. C 2015, 119, 19607–19612. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, C.; Chen, G.; Sun, J.; Feng, Y.; Liu, J.; Dong, H. Ultrathin nanoflakes constructed erythrocyte-like Bi2WO6 hierarchical architecture via anionic self-regulation strategy for improving photocatalytic activity and gas-sensing property. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2015, 163, 415–423. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, M.; Inde, R.; Nishikawa, M.; Qiu, X.; Atarashi, D.; Sakai, E.; Nosaka, Y.; Hashimoto, K.; Miyauchi, M. Enhanced photoactivity with nanocluster-grafted titanium dioxide photocatalysts. Acs Nano 2014, 8, 7229–7238. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yu, H.; Liu, R.; Wang, X.; Wang, P.; Yu, J. Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6 nanoparticles by Ag2O cocatalyst. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2012, 111, 326–333. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bard, A. Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solution; Routledge: London, UK, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Yu, J.; Hai, Y.; Cheng, B. Enhanced photocatalytic H2-production activity of TiO2 by Ni(OH)2 cluster modification. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 4953–4958. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, Y.; Xu, R. Nickel-based cocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2015, 351, 779–793. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ran, J.; Yu, J.; Jaroniec, M. Ni (OH)2 modified CdS nanorods for highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 generation. Green Chem. 2011, 13, 2708–2713. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, P.; Ming, T.; Wang, G.; Wang, X.; Yu, H.; Yu, J. Cocatalyst modification and nanonization of Ag/AgCl photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic performance. J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 2014, 381, 114–119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, P.; Xia, Y.; Wu, P.; Wang, X.; Yu, H.; Yu, J. Cu (II) as a general cocatalyst for improved visible-light photocatalytic performance of photosensitive Ag-based compounds. J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 8891–8898. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Arif, M.; Zhang, M.; Mao, Y.; Bu, Q.; Ali, A.; Qin, Z.; Muhmood, T.; Liu, X.; Zhou, B.; Chen, S.-M. Oxygen vacancy mediated single unit cell Bi2WO6 by Ti doping for ameliorated photocatalytic performance. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2021, 581, 276–291. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Su, H.; Li, S.; Xu, L.; Liu, C.; Zhang, R.; Tan, W. Hydrothermal preparation of flower-like Ni2+ doped Bi2WO6 for enhanced photocatalytic degradation. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2022, 170, 110954. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kumar, P.; Verma, S.; Korošin, N.Č.; Žener, B.; Štangar, U.L. Increasing the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnWO4 by synthesizing a Bi2WO6/ZnWO4 composite photocatalyst. Catal. Today 2022, 397, 278–285. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, C.; Liu, H.; Wang, G.; Fang, H.; Yuan, X.; Lu, C. Photocatalytic removal of metronidazole and Cr (Ⅵ) by a novel Zn3In2S6/Bi2O3 S-scheme heterojunction: Performance, mechanism insight and toxicity assessment. Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 450, 138167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sharma, S.; Ibhadon, A.O.; Francesconi, M.G.; Mehta, S.K.; Elumalai, S.; Kansal, S.K.; Umar, A.; Baskoutas, S. Bi2WO6/C-Dots/TiO2: A novel Z-scheme photocatalyst for the degradation of fluoroquinolone levofloxacin from aqueous medium. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 910. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kovalevskiy, N.; Cherepanova, S.; Gerasimov, E.; Lyulyukin, M.; Solovyeva, M.; Prosvirin, I.; Kozlov, D.; Selishchev, D. Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity and Stability of Bi2WO6–TiO2-N Nanocomposites in the Oxidation of Volatile Pollutants. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 359. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Types of Catalyst | Type of Degradate | Degradation Rate | Year | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ti-Bi2WO6 | Ceftriaxone sodium | 75% | 2021 | [62] |
0.25% Ni-Bi2WO6 | Rhodamine B | 93% | 2022 | [63] |
30% Bi2WO6/ZnWO4 | Plasmocorinth B dye | 48% | 2022 | [64] |
Ag/WO3/Bi2WO6 | chlorobenzene | 79% | 2019 | [49] |
Zn3In2S6/Bi2WO3 | metronidazole | 98.13% | 2022 | [65] |
Zn3In2S6/Bi2WO3 | Hexavalent chromium | 99.67% | 2022 | [65] |
0.4Ni/Ti-Bi2WO6 | Tetracycline | 92.9% | - | - |
Bi2WO6/C-dots/TiO2 | levofloxacin | 99% | 2020 | [66] |
Bi2WO6–TiO2-N | acetone | 100% | 2022 | [67] |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Sun, C.; Zhang, K.; Wang, B.; Wang, R. Synergistic Effect of Amorphous Ti(IV)-Hole and Ni(II)-Electron Cocatalysts for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of Bi2WO6. Catalysts 2022, 12, 1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12121633
Sun C, Zhang K, Wang B, Wang R. Synergistic Effect of Amorphous Ti(IV)-Hole and Ni(II)-Electron Cocatalysts for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of Bi2WO6. Catalysts. 2022; 12(12):1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12121633
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Chenjing, Kaiqing Zhang, Bingquan Wang, and Rui Wang. 2022. "Synergistic Effect of Amorphous Ti(IV)-Hole and Ni(II)-Electron Cocatalysts for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of Bi2WO6" Catalysts 12, no. 12: 1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12121633