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Volume 18
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Retraction of Cancers 2021, 13(14), 3396.
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Retraction

RETRACTED: Sabir et al. DNA Based and Stimuli-Responsive Smart Nanocarrier for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: Applications and Challenges. Cancers 2021, 13, 3396

by
Fakhara Sabir
1,
Mahira Zeeshan
2,
Ushna Laraib
3,
Mahmood Barani
4,
Abbas Rahdar
5,*,
Magali Cucchiarini
6 and
Sadanand Pandey
7,*
1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
2
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
3
Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
4
Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-13555, Iran
5
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 538-98615, Iran
6
Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
7
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2026, 18(13), 2119; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18132119
Submission received: 1 June 2026 / Accepted: 9 June 2026 / Published: 30 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Investigation of Nanoconstructs Suitable for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis)
Versions Notes
The journal retracts the article “DNA Based and Stimuli-Responsive Smart Nanocarrier for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: Applications and Challenges” [1], cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding the relevance of several references presented in this article [1].
In accordance with standard journal procedures, the Editorial Office and Editorial Board conducted an investigation that confirmed the presence of a number of inappropriate citations. Additionally, the investigation identified unacknowledged overlaps with eight other published articles [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9], without appropriate acknowledgement or citation. Consequently, the Editorial Board has lost confidence in the reliability of the findings and decided to retract this publication [1], as per MDPI’s retraction policy (https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#_bookmark30) (19 May 2026).
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Cancers.
The authors have been informed of this retraction and have indicated their disagreement with this decision.

References

  1. Sabir, F.; Zeeshan, M.; Laraib, U.; Barani, M.; Rahdar, A.; Cucchiarini, M.; Pandey, S. RETRACTED: DNA Based and Stimuli-Responsive Smart Nanocarrier for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: Applications and Challenges. Cancers 2021, 13, 3396. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  2. Wu, D.; Wang, L.; Li, W.; Xu, X.; Jiang, W. DNA nanostructure-based drug delivery nanosystems in cancer therapy. Int. J. Pharm. 2017, 533, 169–178. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  3. Mi, P. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery, tumor imaging, therapy and theranostics. Theranostics 2020, 10, 4557–4588. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  4. Kim, T.; Nam, K.; Kim, Y.M.; Yang, K.; Roh, Y.H. DNA-assisted smart nanocarriers: Progress, challenges, and opportunities. ACS Nano 2021, 15, 1942–1951. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  5. Chen, H.; Liu, D.; Guo, Z. Endogenous Stimuli-responsive Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery. Chem. Lett. 2016, 45, 242–249. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  6. Chi, Q.; Yang, Z.; Xu, K.; Wang CLiang, H. DNA Nanostructure as an Efficient Drug Delivery Platform for Immunotherapy. Front. Pharmacol. 2020, 10, 1585. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  7. Zhan, P.; Jiang, Q.; Wang, Z.-G.; Li, N.; Yu, H.; Ding, B. DNA Nanostructure-Based Imaging Probes and Drug Carriers. ChemMedChem 2014, 9, 2013–2020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  8. Xu, F.; Xia, Q.; Wang, P. Rationally Designed DNA Nanostructures for Drug Delivery. Front. Chem. 2020, 8, 751. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  9. Bae, W.; Kocabey, S.; Liedl, T. DNA nanostructures in vitro, in vivo and on membranes. Nano Today 2019, 26, 98–107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Sabir, F.; Zeeshan, M.; Laraib, U.; Barani, M.; Rahdar, A.; Cucchiarini, M.; Pandey, S. RETRACTED: Sabir et al. DNA Based and Stimuli-Responsive Smart Nanocarrier for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: Applications and Challenges. Cancers 2021, 13, 3396. Cancers 2026, 18, 2119. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18132119

AMA Style

Sabir F, Zeeshan M, Laraib U, Barani M, Rahdar A, Cucchiarini M, Pandey S. RETRACTED: Sabir et al. DNA Based and Stimuli-Responsive Smart Nanocarrier for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: Applications and Challenges. Cancers 2021, 13, 3396. Cancers. 2026; 18(13):2119. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18132119

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabir, Fakhara, Mahira Zeeshan, Ushna Laraib, Mahmood Barani, Abbas Rahdar, Magali Cucchiarini, and Sadanand Pandey. 2026. "RETRACTED: Sabir et al. DNA Based and Stimuli-Responsive Smart Nanocarrier for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: Applications and Challenges. Cancers 2021, 13, 3396" Cancers 18, no. 13: 2119. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18132119

APA Style

Sabir, F., Zeeshan, M., Laraib, U., Barani, M., Rahdar, A., Cucchiarini, M., & Pandey, S. (2026). RETRACTED: Sabir et al. DNA Based and Stimuli-Responsive Smart Nanocarrier for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: Applications and Challenges. Cancers 2021, 13, 3396. Cancers, 18(13), 2119. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18132119

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