Recommended Physiotherapy Modalities for Oncology Patients with Palliative Needs and Its Influence on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: A Systematic Review
by
, , and
Luna Gauchez
1,2,3
,
Shannon Lauryn L. Boyle
1,
Shinfu Selena Eekman
1,
Sarah Harnie
1,2,4,
Lore Decoster
3,4,
Filip Van Ginderdeuren
1,2,5,
Len De Nys
1,2 and
Nele Adriaenssens
1,2,4,* 
1
Physiotherapy Human Physiology and Anatomy Department (KIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
2
Rehabilitation Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
3
End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel & Ghent University, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
4
Medical Oncology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
5
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2024, 16(19), 3371; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16193371
Submission received: 26 August 2024
/
Revised: 24 September 2024
/
Accepted: 27 September 2024
/
Published: 1 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiotherapy in Advanced Cancer and Palliative Care)
Simple Summary
This review explores the role of physiotherapy in early and traditional palliative care (PC) for cancer patients, focusing on its effects on patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) such as fatigue, pain, and quality of life (QoL). The findings suggest that certain physiotherapy interventions, like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and massage, can improve these outcomes, while others show limited or no significant benefits. However, the overall quality of the studies reviewed was low, highlighting the need for more rigorous research in this area to better understand how physiotherapy can support patients in PC.
Abstract
Background: This review aims to explore the role of physiotherapy in early and traditional palliative care (PC) for oncology patients, focusing on its impact on six patient-reported outcomes (PROMs), namely fatigue, pain, cachexia, quality of life (QoL), physical functioning (PHF), and psychosocial functioning (PSF). The purpose is to assess the effectiveness of various physiotherapy interventions and identify gaps in the current research to understand their potential benefits in PC better. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, concluding on 21 December 2023. Two independent reviewers screened the articles for inclusion. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2 was employed to assess the risk of bias, while the GRADE approach was used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence. Results: Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, with most showing a high risk of bias, particularly in outcome measurement and missing data. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was the only intervention that significantly reduced fatigue, enhanced PHF, and improved QoL and emotional functioning. Graded exercise therapy (GET) did not yield significant results. Combined interventions, such as education with problem-solving or nutritional counseling with physical activity, showed no significant effects. Massage significantly improved QoL and reduced pain, while physical application therapies were effective in pain reduction. Mindful breathing exercises (MBE) improved QoL but had a non-significant impact on appetite. The overall certainty of the evidence was low. Conclusions: Physiotherapy can positively influence PROMs in oncology PC; however, the low quality and high risk of bias in existing studies highlight the need for more rigorous research to confirm these findings and guide clinical practice.
