Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: New Challenges with Immune Checkpoint Blockers and Targeted Therapies
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Adjuvant and Perioperative Treatment in NSCLC with Actionable Oncogene Alterations
3. Treatment Approach in Unresectable NSCLC with Actionable Oncogene Alterations
4. Challenges in Oncogene-Driven Early-Stage NSCLC
5. Immune Checkpoint Blockers in the Adjuvant Setting in Early-Stage NSCLC
6. Immune Checkpoint Blockers in the Perioperative Setting in Early-Stage NSCLC
Study | Perioperative /Neoadjuvant | N | Percentage of PD-L1 > 1% | Percentage of Stage III % | Percentage of Surgery | pCR CT-ICB vs. CT | EFS HR [95% CI, p] | OS HR [95% CI, p] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CheckMate 816 [33,49] | Neoadjuvant | 358 | 50% | 63% | 83% | 24% vs. 2.2% | 0.66 [0.49–0.9] | 0.71 [0.47–1.07, p = 0.045] * |
CheckMate 77T [34] | Perioperative | 461 | 56% | 64% | 77% | 25% vs. 5% | 0.58 [0.42–0.81, p < 0.00025) | NR |
KEYNOTE671 [35,47] | Perioperative | 797 | 65% | 70% | 82% | 18% vs. 4% | 0.59 [0.48–0.72] | 0.72 [0.56–0.93, p < 0.01) |
AEGEAN [36] | Perioperative | 802 | 67% | 71% | 81% | 17% vs. 4% | 0.68 [0.53–0.88, p < 0.01] | NR |
NEOTORCH [37] | Perioperative | 501 | 66% | 100% | 82% | 25% vs. 1.0% | 0.40 [0.28–0.57, p < 0.01] | 0.62 [0.38–1.0, p = 0.05] |
RATIONALE 315 [38] | Perioperative | 453 | 58% | 58% | 84% | 41% vs. 5.7% | 0.56 [0.40–0.79, p <0.01] | 0.62 [0.39–0.98, p = 0.02] |
7. Challenges with Adjuvant and Perioperative ICB Strategy
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Postmus, P.E.; Kerr, K.M.; Oudkerk, M.; Senan, S.; Waller, D.A.; Vansteenkiste, J.; Escriu, C.; Peters, S. Early and locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann. Oncol. 2017, 28, iv1–iv21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Remon, J.; Soria, J.-C.; Peters, S.; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Early and locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: An update of the ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines focusing on diagnosis, staging, systemic and local therapy. Ann. Oncol. 2021, 32, 1637–1642. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pignon, J.-P.; Tribodet, H.; Scagliotti, G.V.; Douillard, J.-Y.; Shepherd, F.A.; Stephens, R.J.; Dunant, A.; Torri, V.; Rosell, R.; Seymour, L.; et al. Lung adjuvant cisplatin evaluation: A pooled analysis by the LACE Collaborative Group. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008, 26, 3552–3559. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lim, E.; Harris, G.; Patel, A.; Adachi, I.; Edmonds, L.; Song, F. Preoperative versus postoperative chemotherapy in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer: Systematic review and indirect comparison meta-analysis of randomized trials. J. Thorac. Oncol. 2009, 4, 1380–1388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Felip, E.; Rosell, R.; Maestre, J.A.; Rodríguez-Paniagua, J.M.; Morán, T.; Astudillo, J.; Alonso, G.; Borro, J.M.; González-Larriba, J.L.; Torres, A.; et al. Preoperative chemotherapy plus surgery versus surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy versus surgery alone in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2010, 28, 3138–3145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Le Pechoux, C.; Pourel, N.; Barlesi, F.; Lerouge, D.; Antoni, D.; Lamezec, B.; Nestle, U.; Boisselier, P.; Dansin, E.; Paumier, A.; et al. Postoperative radiotherapy versus no postoperative radiotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer and proven mediastinal N2 involvement (Lung ART): An open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022, 23, 104–114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hui, Z.; Men, Y.; Hu, C.; Kang, J.; Sun, X.; Bi, N.; Zhou, Z.; Liang, J.; Lv, J.; Feng, Q.; et al. Effect of Postoperative Radiotherapy for Patients with pIIIA-N2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer after Complete Resection and Adjuvant Chemotherapy: The Phase 3 PORT-C Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2021, 7, 1178–1185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hendriks, L.E.; Kerr, K.M.; Menis, J.; Mok, T.S.; Nestle, U.; Passaro, A.; Peters, S.; Planchard, D.; Smit, E.F.; Solomon, B.J.; et al. Non-oncogene-addicted metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann. Oncol. 2023, 34, 358–376. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hendriks, L.E.; Kerr, K.M.; Menis, J.; Mok, T.S.; Nestle, U.; Passaro, A.; Peters, S.; Planchard, D.; Smit, E.F.; Solomon, B.J.; et al. Oncogene-addicted metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann. Oncol. 2023, 34, 339–357. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Remon, J.; Saw, S.P.L.; Cortiula, F.; Singh, P.K.; Menis, J.; Mountzios, G.; Hendriks, L.E.L. Perioperative Treatment Strategies in EGFR-Mutant Early-Stage NSCLC: Current Evidence and Future Challenges. J. Thorac. Oncol. 2024, 19, 199–215. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, Y.-L.; Tsuboi, M.; He, J.; John, T.; Grohe, C.; Majem, M.; Goldman, J.W.; Laktionov, K.; Kim, S.-W.; Kato, T.; et al. Osimertinib in Resected EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020, 383, 1711–1723. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Herbst, R.S.; Wu, Y.-L.; John, T.; Grohe, C.; Majem, M.; Wang, J.; Kato, T.; Goldman, J.W.; Laktionov, K.; Kim, S.-W.; et al. Adjuvant Osimertinib for Resected EGFR-Mutated Stage IB-IIIA Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Updated Results from the Phase III Randomized ADAURA Trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 2023, 41, 1830–1840. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tsuboi, M.; Herbst, R.S.; John, T.; Kato, T.; Majem, M.; Grohé, C.; Wang, J.; Goldman, J.W.; Lu, S.; Su, W.-C.; et al. Overall Survival with Osimertinib in Resected EGFR-Mutated NSCLC. N. Engl. J. Med. 2023, 389, 137–147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- John, T.; Grohé, C.; Goldman, J.W.; Shepherd, F.A.; de Marinis, F.; Kato, T.; Wang, Q.; Su, W.-C.; Choi, J.H.; Sriuranpong, V.; et al. Three-Year Safety, Tolerability, and Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes of Adjuvant Osimertinib in Patients with Resected Stage IB–IIIA EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Updated Analysis from the Phase 3 ADAURA Trial. J. Thorac. Oncol. 2023, 18, 1209–1221. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhong, W.-Z.; Wang, Q.; Mao, W.-M.; Xu, S.-T.; Wu, L.; Wei, Y.-C.; Liu, Y.-Y.; Chen, C.; Cheng, Y.; Yin, R.; et al. Gefitinib Versus Vinorelbine Plus Cisplatin as Adjuvant Treatment for Stage II-IIIA (N1-N2) EGFR-Mutant NSCLC: Final Overall Survival Analysis of CTONG1104 Phase III Trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 2021, 39, 713–722. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, S.-Y.; Long, H.; Li, N.; Cheng, C.; Ou, W.; Yang, L.; You, J.; Liang, Y.; Wang, B.-X. Adjuvant icotinib of 12 months or 6 months versus observation following adjuvant chemotherapy for resected EGFR-mutated stage II–IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (ICTAN, GASTO1002): A randomized phase 3 trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 2024, 42, 8004. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aredo, J.V.; Urisman, A.; Gubens, M.A.; Mulvey, C.; Allen, G.M.; Rotow, J.K.; Kerr, D.L.; Chakrabarti, T.; Bacaltos, B.; Gee, M.; et al. Phase II trial of neoadjuvant osimertinib for surgically resectable EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2023, 41, 8508. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lv, C.; Fang, W.; Wu, N.; Jiao, W.; Xu, S.; Ma, H.; Wang, J.; Wang, R.; Ji, C.; Li, S.; et al. Osimertinib as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with EGFR-mutant resectable stage II-IIIB lung adenocarcinoma (NEOS): A multicenter, single-arm, open-label phase 2b trial. Lung Cancer 2023, 178, 151–156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cortiula, F.; Naidoo, J. A brave NEO world: Neoadjuvant osimertinib in resectable EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2023, 181, 107256. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hellmann, M.D.; Chaft, J.E.; William, W.N.; Rusch, V.; Pisters, K.M.W.; Kalhor, N.; Pataer, A.; Travis, W.D.; Swisher, S.G.; Kris, M.G.; et al. Pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in resectable non-small-cell lung cancers: Proposal for the use of major pathological response as a surrogate endpoint. Lancet Oncol. 2014, 15, e42–e50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, Y.-L.; Dziadziuszko, R.; Ahn, J.S.; Barlesi, F.; Nishio, M.; Lee, D.H.; Lee, J.-S.; Zhong, W.; Horinouchi, H.; Mao, W.; et al. Alectinib in Resected ALK-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2024, 390, 1265–1276. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Seto, T.; Kiura, K.; Nishio, M.; Nakagawa, K.; Maemondo, M.; Inoue, A.; Hida, T.; Yamamoto, N.; Yoshioka, H.; Harada, M.; et al. CH5424802 (RO5424802) for patients with ALK-rearranged advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (AF-001JP study): A single-arm, open-label, phase 1-2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2013, 14, 590–598. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Naidoo, J.; Antonia, S.; Wu, Y.-L.; Cho, B.C.; Thiyagarajah, P.; Mann, H.; Newton, M.; Faivre-Finn, C. Brief Report: Durvalumab After Chemoradiotherapy in Unresectable Stage III EGFR-mutant NSCLC: A Post-Hoc Subgroup Analysis from PACIFIC. J. Thorac. Oncol. 2023, 18, 657–663. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lu, S.; Kato, T.; Dong, X.; Ahn, M.-J.; Quang, L.-V.; Soparattanapaisarn, N.; Inoue, T.; Wang, C.-L.; Huang, M.; Yang, J.C.-H.; et al. Osimertinib after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III EGFR-Mutated NSCLC. N. Engl. J. Med. 2024, 383, 1711–1723. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jayakrishnan, R.; Nassar, A.; Shepherd, F.A.; Lin, J.J.; Lin, S.H.; Shakya, P.; Dilling, T.J.; Bar, J.; Grohe, C.; Gupta, S.; et al. Global retrospective study comparing consolidation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to durvalumab (durva) or observation (obs) after chemoradiation (CRT) in unresectable locally-advanced ALK+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J. Clin. Oncol. 2024, 42, 8013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dong, S.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, J.-T.; Yan, B.; Zhang, C.; Gao, X.; Sun, H.; Li, Y.-S.; Yan, H.-H.; Tu, H.-Y.; et al. Circulating Tumor DNA-Guided De-Escalation Targeted Therapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2024, 10, 932. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jung, H.-A.; Ku, B.M.; Kim, Y.J.; Park, S.; Sun, J.-M.; Lee, S.-H.; Ahn, J.S.; Cho, J.H.; Kim, H.K.; Choi, Y.S.; et al. Longitudinal Monitoring of Circulating Tumor DNA From Plasma in Patients with Curative Resected Stage I-IIIA EGFR Mutant-Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J. Thorac. Oncol. 2023, 18, 1199–1208. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- John, T.; Grohe, C.; Goldman, J.W.; Kato, T.; Laktionov, K.K.; Bonanno, L.; Tiseo, M.; Majem, M.; Domine, M.; Ahn, M.-J.; et al. Molecular residual disease (MRD) analysis from the ADAURA trial of adjuvant (adj) osimertinib in patients (pts) with resected EGFR-mutated (EGFRm) stage IB–IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J. Clin. Oncol. 2024, 42, 8005. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saw, S.P.L.; Le, X.; Hendriks, L.E.L.; Remon, J. New Treatment Options for Patients with Oncogene-Addicted Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Focusing on EGFR-Mutant Tumors. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. Educ. Book 2024, 44, e432516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spicer, J.D.; Cascone, T.; Wynes, M.W.; Ahn, M.-J.; Dacic, S.; Felip, E.; Forde, P.M.; Higgins, K.A.; Kris, M.G.; Mitsudomi, T.; et al. Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Treatment for Early-Stage Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Consensus Recommendations from the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC). J. Thorac. Oncol. 2024. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Felip, E.; Altorki, N.; Zhou, C.; Csőszi, T.; Vynnychenko, I.; Goloborodko, O.; Luft, A.; Akopov, A.; Martinez-Marti, A.; Kenmotsu, H.; et al. Adjuvant atezolizumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in resected stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (IMpower010): A randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2021, 398, 1344–1357. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- O’Brien, M.; Paz-Ares, L.; Marreaud, S.; Dafni, U.; Oselin, K.; Havel, L.; Esteban, E.; Isla, D.; Martinez-Marti, A.; Faehling, M.; et al. Pembrolizumab versus placebo as adjuvant therapy for completely resected stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (PEARLS/KEYNOTE-091): An interim analysis of a randomised, triple-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022, 23, 1274–1286. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Forde, P.M.; Spicer, J.; Lu, S.; Provencio, M.; Mitsudomi, T.; Awad, M.M.; Felip, E.; Broderick, S.R.; Brahmer, J.R.; Swanson, S.J.; et al. Neoadjuvant Nivolumab plus Chemotherapy in Resectable Lung Cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2022, 386, 1973–1985. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cascone, T.; Awad, M.M.; Spicer, J.D.; He, J.; Lu, S.; Sepesi, B.; Tanaka, F.; Taube, J.M.; Cornelissen, R.; Havel, L.; et al. Perioperative Nivolumab in Resectable Lung Cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2024, 390, 1756–1769. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wakelee, H.; Liberman, M.; Kato, T.; Tsuboi, M.; Lee, S.-H.; Gao, S.; Chen, K.-N.; Dooms, C.; Majem, M.; Eigendorff, E.; et al. Perioperative Pembrolizumab for Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2023, 389, 491–503. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Heymach, J.V.; Harpole, D.; Mitsudomi, T.; Taube, J.M.; Galffy, G.; Hochmair, M.; Winder, T.; Zukov, R.; Garbaos, G.; Gao, S.; et al. Perioperative Durvalumab for Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2023, 389, 1672–1684. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lu, S.; Zhang, W.; Wu, L.; Wang, W.; Zhang, P.; Neotorch Investigators; Fang, W.; Xing, W.; Chen, Q.; Yang, L.; et al. Perioperative Toripalimab Plus Chemotherapy for Patients with Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Neotorch Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2024, 331, 201–211. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yue, D.; Wang, W.; Liu, H.; Chen, Q.; Chen, C.; Zhang, J.; Bai, F.; Wang, C. LBA58 Pathological response to neoadjuvant tislelizumab (TIS) plus platinum-doublet (PtDb) chemotherapy (CT) in resectable stage II-IIIA NSCLC patients (pts) in the phase III (Ph3) RATIONALE-315 trial. Ann. Oncol. 2023, 34, S1299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Felip, E.; Altorki, N.; Zhou, C.; Vallières, E.; Martínez-Martí, A.; Rittmeyer, A.; Chella, A.; Reck, M.; Goloborodko, O.; Huang, M.; et al. Overall survival with adjuvant atezolizumab after chemotherapy in resected stage II-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (IMpower010): A randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase III trial. Ann. Oncol. 2023, 34, 907–919. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Besse, B.; Havel, L.; Peters, S.; Marreaud, S.I.; Jha, N.; Oselin, K.; Esteban Gonzalez, E.; Isla Casado, M.D.; Martinez-Marti, A.; Faehling, M.; et al. 120MO Adjuvant pembrolizumab versus placebo for early-stage NSCLC after resection and optional chemotherapy: Updated results from PEARLS/KEYNOTE-091. Immuno-Oncol. Technol. 2023, 20, 100592. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Forde, P.M.; Chaft, J.E.; Smith, K.N.; Anagnostou, V.; Cottrell, T.R.; Hellmann, M.D.; Zahurak, M.; Yang, S.C.; Jones, D.R.; Broderick, S.; et al. Neoadjuvant PD-1 Blockade in Resectable Lung Cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2018, 378, 1976–1986. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rosner, S.; Reuss, J.E.; Zahurak, M.; Zhang, J.; Zeng, Z.; Taube, J.; Anagnostou, V.; Smith, K.N.; Riemer, J.; Illei, P.B.; et al. Five-Year Clinical Outcomes after Neoadjuvant Nivolumab in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2023, 29, 705–710. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mountzios, G.; Remon, J.; Hendriks, L.E.L.; García-Campelo, R.; Rolfo, C.; Van Schil, P.; Forde, P.M.; Besse, B.; Subbiah, V.; Reck, M.; et al. Immune-checkpoint inhibition for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer—Opportunities and challenges. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 2023, 20, 664–677. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cascone, T.; Leung, C.H.; Weissferdt, A.; Pataer, A.; Carter, B.W.; Godoy, M.C.B.; Feldman, H.; William, W.N.; Xi, Y.; Basu, S.; et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus nivolumab with or without ipilimumab in operable non-small cell lung cancer: The phase 2 platform NEOSTAR trial. Nat. Med. 2023, 29, 593–604. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Schuler, M.; Cuppens, K.; Plönes, T.; Wiesweg, M.; Du Pont, B.; Hegedus, B.; Köster, J.; Mairinger, F.; Darwiche, K.; Paschen, A.; et al. Neoadjuvant nivolumab with or without relatlimab in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer: A randomized phase 2 trial. Nat. Med. 2024, 30, 1602–1611. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Reck, M.; Remon, J.; Hellmann, M.D. First-Line Immunotherapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2022, 40, 586–597. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Spicer, J.D.; Gao, S.; Liberman, M.; Kato, T.; Tsuboi, M.; Lee, S.-H.; Chen, K.-N.; Dooms, C.; Majem, M.; Eigendorff, E.; et al. LBA56 Overall survival in the KEYNOTE-671 study of perioperative pembrolizumab for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Ann. Oncol. 2023, 34, S1297–S1298. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sorin, M.; Prosty, C.; Ghaleb, L.; Nie, K.; Katergi, K.; Shahzad, M.H.; Dubé, L.-R.; Atallah, A.; Swaby, A.; Dankner, M.; et al. Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy for NSCLC: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2024, 10, 621–633. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spicer, J.; Girard, N.; Provencio, M.; Wang, C.; Mitsudomi, T.; Awad, M.M.; Vokes, E.E.; Taube, J.M.; Lupinacci, L.; Saylors, G.B.; et al. Neoadjuvant nivolumab (NIVO) + chemotherapy (chemo) vs chemo in patients (pts) with resectable NSCLC: 4-year update from CheckMate 816. J. Clin. Oncol. 2024, 42, LBA8010. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Provencio, M.; Awad, M.M.; Spicer, J.; Janssens, A.; Moiseenko, F.V.; Gao, Y.; Watanabe, Y.; Alexandru, A.; Guisier, F.; Frost, N.; et al. Clinical outcomes with perioperative nivolumab (NIVO) by nodal status among patients (pts) with stage III resectable NSCLC: Results from the phase 3 CheckMate 77T study. J. Clin. Oncol. 2024, 42, LBA8007. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Heymach, J.; Reck, M.; Mitsudomi, T.; Taube, J.M.; Spira, A.I.; Chaft, J.E.; Doherty, G.J.; Mann, H.; Fouad, T.M.; Harpole, D.H. Outcomes with perioperative durvalumab (D) in pts with resectable NSCLC and baseline N2 lymph node involvement (N2 R-NSCLC): An exploratory subgroup analysis of AEGEAN. J. Clin. Oncol. 2024, 42, 8011. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, C.; Das Thakur, M.; Srivastava, M.K.; Zou, W.; Xu, H.; Ballinger, M.; Felip, E.; Wakelee, H.; Altorki, N.K.; Reck, M.; et al. IMpower010: Biomarkers of disease-free survival (DFS) in a phase III study of atezolizumab (atezo) vs best supportive care (BSC) after adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB-IIIA NSCLC. Ann. Oncol. 2021, 32, S1374. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gale, D.; Heider, K.; Ruiz-Valdepenas, A.; Hackinger, S.; Perry, M.; Marsico, G.; Rundell, V.; Wulff, J.; Sharma, G.; Knock, H.; et al. Residual ctDNA after treatment predicts early relapse in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Ann. Oncol. 2022, 33, 500–510. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Awad, M.M.; Forde, P.M.; Girard, N.; Spicer, J.D.; Wang, C.; Lu, S.; Mitsudomi, T.; Felip, E.; Broderick, S.; Swanson, S.J.; et al. 1261O Neoadjuvant nivolumab (N) + ipilimumab (I) vs chemotherapy (C) in the phase III CheckMate 816 trial. Ann. Oncol. 2023, 34, S731. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Awad, M.; Cascone, T.; Spicer, J.; He, J.; Lu, S.; Tanaka, F.; Cornelissen, R.; Karaseva, N.; Kuzdzal, J.; Petruzelka, L.B.; et al. LBA2 Clinical outcomes with perioperative nivolumab (NIVO) in patients (PTS) with resectable NSCLC from the phase III CheckMate 77T study. ESMO Open 2024, 9, 102985. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Domenghino, A.; Walbert, C.; Birrer, D.L.; Puhan, M.A.; Clavien, P.-A.; Outcome4Medicine consensus group. Consensus recommendations on how to assess the quality of surgical interventions. Nat. Med. 2023, 29, 811–822. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dingemans, A.-M.; Remon, J.; Hendriks, L.; Edwards, J.; Faivre-Finn, C.; Reguart, N.; Smit, E.; Levy, A.; Sanchez, D.; Trujillo, J.C.; et al. OA06.05 Consensual Definition of Stage III NSCLC Resectability: EORTC-Lung Cancer Group Initiative with Other Scientific Societies. J. Thorac. Oncol. 2023, 18, S57–S58. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, Q.; Pan, Y.; Yang, X.; Zhao, Y.; Han, G.; Pang, Q.; Zhang, Z.; Wang, Q.; Yao, J.; Wang, H.; et al. Neoadjuvant SHR-1701 with or without chemotherapy in unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: A proof-of-concept, phase 2 trial. Cancer Cell 2024, 42, 1258–1267.e2. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spigel, D.R.; Faivre-Finn, C.; Gray, J.E.; Vicente, D.; Planchard, D.; Paz-Ares, L.G.; Vansteenkiste, J.F.; Garassino, M.C.; Hui, R.; Quantin, X.; et al. Five-year survival outcomes with durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in unresectable stage III NSCLC: An update from the PACIFIC trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 2021, 39, 8511. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Lavaud, P.; Bortolot, M.; Zullo, L.; O’Reilly, D.; Naidoo, J.; Mountzios, G.; Mercier, O.; Hendriks, L.E.L.; Remon, J. Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: New Challenges with Immune Checkpoint Blockers and Targeted Therapies. Cancers 2024, 16, 2779. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16162779
Lavaud P, Bortolot M, Zullo L, O’Reilly D, Naidoo J, Mountzios G, Mercier O, Hendriks LEL, Remon J. Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: New Challenges with Immune Checkpoint Blockers and Targeted Therapies. Cancers. 2024; 16(16):2779. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16162779
Chicago/Turabian StyleLavaud, Pernelle, Martina Bortolot, Lodovica Zullo, David O’Reilly, Jarushka Naidoo, Giannis Mountzios, Olaf Mercier, Lizza E. L. Hendriks, and Jordi Remon. 2024. "Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: New Challenges with Immune Checkpoint Blockers and Targeted Therapies" Cancers 16, no. 16: 2779. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16162779
APA StyleLavaud, P., Bortolot, M., Zullo, L., O’Reilly, D., Naidoo, J., Mountzios, G., Mercier, O., Hendriks, L. E. L., & Remon, J. (2024). Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: New Challenges with Immune Checkpoint Blockers and Targeted Therapies. Cancers, 16(16), 2779. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16162779