Synovial Sarcoma in the Extremity: Diversity of Imaging Features for Diagnosis and Prognosis
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Diagnostic Imaging Features of the Extremity Synovial Sarcoma
2.1. Radiographs
2.2. Computed Tomography (CT)
2.3. Ultrasound
2.4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
2.5. Advanced MRI
3. Uncommon Primary Sites of Synovial Sarcoma in the Extremities
4. Prognostic Imaging Features of Synovial Sarcoma in the Extremity
4.1. Metastatic Pattern
4.2. Prognostic Imaging Features on CT and MRI
5. Treatments and Management
5.1. Surgical Treatment
5.2. Radiation Therapy
5.3. Chemotherapy
5.4. Novel Therapeutic Options
5.5. Role of Radiologist in Treatment and Management
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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General imaging features |
|
Various imaging spectrum depending on tumor size | |
Small size <5 cm |
|
Large size >5 cm |
|
Prognostic Factors | Prognosis | |
---|---|---|
Age | Younger than 15–20 years | Favorable |
Tumor size | Large size >5 cm | Poor |
Location | Proximal extremity | Poor |
Inguinal region | ||
Intrathoracic region | ||
Trunk | ||
Imaging features | Intratumoral hemorrhage (fluid-fluid levels) | Poor |
Triple sign on MRI | ||
Bowl-of-grapes appearance on MRI | ||
Intercompartment extension | ||
Peritumoral enhancement | ||
Calcification | Favorable |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Cho, E.B.; Lee, S.K.; Kim, J.-Y.; Kim, Y. Synovial Sarcoma in the Extremity: Diversity of Imaging Features for Diagnosis and Prognosis. Cancers 2023, 15, 4860. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15194860
Cho EB, Lee SK, Kim J-Y, Kim Y. Synovial Sarcoma in the Extremity: Diversity of Imaging Features for Diagnosis and Prognosis. Cancers. 2023; 15(19):4860. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15194860
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, Eun Byul, Seul Ki Lee, Jee-Young Kim, and Yuri Kim. 2023. "Synovial Sarcoma in the Extremity: Diversity of Imaging Features for Diagnosis and Prognosis" Cancers 15, no. 19: 4860. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15194860