“OPERATION PHALCO”—Adapted Physical Activity for Breast Cancer Survivors: Is It Time for a Multidisciplinary Approach?
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
Aim of the Study
2. Materials and Methods
- Phase 1—Patient Enrolment
- Phase 2—Risk stratification and division into levels and APA Prescription
- Phase 3—Functional and Psychological assessment
- Phase 4—Training Planning and Adaptation
2.1. Sample Characteristics
2.2. Functional and Psychological Assessments
2.3. Training Protocol: Levels 1 and 2
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Functional Evaluation
3.2. Quality of Life and Fatigue Evaluation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |
---|---|---|
BC patients without severe comorbidities | BC patients with two or more of the following risk factors: Hysterectomy or postmenopausal Smoker (or who has quit smoking for less than 6 months) Blood pressure >140/90 mmHg Dyslipidaemia Overweight Positive family history for heart attack or intervention for a cardiovascular disease before age 55 (father or brother) or age 65 (mother or sister) | BC Patient with at least 1 of the following risk factors: Cardiovascular disease (ischemic heart disease, valve disease, etc.) Diabetes Asthma Osteoporosis Musculoskeletal disorders |
FITT Level 1 | FITT Level 2 | FITT Level 3 |
---|---|---|
Warm-up: about 10 min | Warm-up: about 10 min | Warm-up: about 10 min |
Combined Training: | Combined Training: | Combined Training: |
Resistance training: 2 sets of 8 repetitions at 60–70% 1 RM—about 25 min | Resistance training: 2 sets of 8 repetitions at 50–60% 1 RM—about 25 min | Resistance training: 2 sets of 8 repetitions at 10–20% 1 RM—about 25 min |
Aerobic training: 65–70% of HRR—about 15 min | Aerobic training: 60–65% of HRRM—about 15 min | Aerobic training: 55–60% of HRRM—about 15 min |
Cool Down: Stretching exercises for large muscle groups—10 min | Cool Down: Stretching exercises for large muscle groups—10 min | Cool Down: Stretching exercises for large muscle groups—10 min |
Patients’ Characteristics | APA Group n = 24 (M ± SD) | UC n = 10 (M ± SD) |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 50.5 ± 5.7 | 45.1 ± 5.5 |
Weight (kg) | 67.0 ± 14.0 | 55.3 ± 1 |
High (cm) | 164.1 ± 5.8 | 157.5 ± 3.5 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 4.1 | 21.3 ± 0.5 |
Type of intervention | ||
Quadrantectomy | 10 | 6 |
Mastectomy | 14 | 4 |
Treatments | ||
Chemo + Hormo + Radio | 4 | 2 |
Hormo + Radio | 10 | 5 |
Hormo | 8 | 3 |
Chemo + Immuno | 2 | 0 |
APA Group n = 24 | Pre-Training M (IQR) | Post-Training M (IQR) | Diff Post/Pre (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | 63.0 (18.0) | 61.9 (18.1) | −2.5 | 0.013 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7 (5.9) | 23.3 (3.9) | −2.5 | 0.010 |
6MWT (m) | 531.9 (151) | 588 (89) | +13.1 | 0.000 |
BORG (0–10) | 2.5 (1.8) | 2.0 (1.4) | −19.7 | 0.020 |
1-RM Leg Press (kg) | 113.9 (43.3) | 160.8 (58.3) | +22.9 | 0.040 |
Handgrip R (kg) | 27.8 (3.8) | 31.0 (4.8) | +8.6 | n.s. |
Handgrip L (kg) | 26.5 (2.8) | 28.7 (7.0) | +4.1 | n.s. |
30′ Sit to Stand (n) | 18.5 (12) | 25.5 (8) | +40.4 | 0.000 |
Sit and Reach (cm) | 8.2 (6.9) | 11 (9.1) | +53.9 | 0.000 |
Trunk Rotation R(cm) | 63 (17.1) | 69.5 (33.3) | +14.2 | 0.010 |
Trunk Rotation L (cm) | 58.5 (27.5) | 67.0 (37.5) | +24.2 | 0.000 |
UC Group n = 10 | Pre M (IQR) | Post M (IQR) | Diff Post/Pre (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | 56.5 (9.9) | 54 (16.4) | +4.5 | n.s. |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22 (1.4) | 22.9 (1) | +6.5 | n.s. |
6MWT (m) | 525 (55) | 505 (125) | −9.4 | n.s. |
BORG (0–10) | 1.0 (1) | 2 (2) | +42 | n.s. |
1-RM Leg Press (kg) | 91.0 (33) | 93.1 (39) | +1.5 | n.s. |
Handgrip R (kg) | 29.4 (5.3) | 29.4 (9.3) | −3.9 | n.s. |
Handgrip L (kg) | 24.5 (2.8) | 20.9 (0.8) | −13.5 | n.s. |
30′ Sit to Stand (n) | 20.0 (8.0) | 20.0 (8.0) | −5.2 | n.s. |
Sit and Reach (cm) | 5 (23) | 4 (23) | +57.5 | n.s. |
Trunk Rotation R (cm) | 42.0 (6) | 35.0 (8) | −4.3 | n.s. |
Trunk Rotation L (cm) | 33 (9) | 43 (9) | −4.0 | n.s. |
EORTC QLQ C-30 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
APA Group n = 24 | Pre-Training M (IQR) | Post-Training M (IQR) | Diff Post/Pre (%) | p-Value |
Physical Function | 93.3 (6.6) | 93.3 (11.6) | +3.3 | 0.050 |
Emotional Function | 83.3 (31.2) | 95.9 (16.6) | +8.1 | n.s. |
Cognitive Function | 100 (16.6) | 100 (12.5) | +0.8 | n.s. |
Social Function | 100 (33.3) | 100 (12.5) | +9.9 | n.s. |
Global Health | 75.0 (33.3) | 83.3 (14.5) | +12.8 | 0.050 |
EORTC QLQ FA-12 | ||||
Physical Fatigue | 20.0 (23.3) | 6.66 (13.3) | −32.6 | n.s. |
Emotional Fatigue | 0.0 (22.2) | 0.0 (0.0) | −68.0 | 0.041 |
Cognitive Fatigue | 0.0 (12.7) | 0.0 (0.0) | −66.7 | n.s. |
Interference WDL | 33.3 (33.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | −76.9 | 0.019 |
EORTC QLQ C-30 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
UC Group n = 10 | Pre M (IQR) | Post M (IQR) | Diff Post/Pre (%) | p-Value |
Physical Function | 93.3 (6.6) | 93.3 (6.6) | +1.1 | n.s. |
Emotional Function | 91.6 (16.6) | 91.6 (8.3) | −0.7 | n.s. |
Cognitive Function | 100 (16.1) | 83.3(16.6) | −2.7 | n.s. |
Social Function | 100 (33.3) | 83.3 (33.3) | −2.7 | n.s. |
Global Health | 75.0 (41.7) | 66.7 (33.3) | −10.7 | n.s. |
EORTC QLQ FA-12 | ||||
Physical Fatigue | 13.3 (13.3) | 13.3 (13.3) | +7.1 | n.s. |
Emotional Fatigue | 0.0 (22.2) | 0.0 (22.2) | +16.6 | n.s. |
Cognitive Fatigue | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (22.2) | +40.0 | n.s. |
Interference WDL | 33.3 (33.3) | 33.3 (31.3) | +19.7 | n.s. |
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Murri, A.; Vitucci, D.; Tranchita, E.; Grazioli, E.; Gori, S.; Modena, A.; Turazza, M.; Filippini, R.; Galeazzi, S.; Verzè, M.; et al. “OPERATION PHALCO”—Adapted Physical Activity for Breast Cancer Survivors: Is It Time for a Multidisciplinary Approach? Cancers 2023, 15, 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010034
Murri A, Vitucci D, Tranchita E, Grazioli E, Gori S, Modena A, Turazza M, Filippini R, Galeazzi S, Verzè M, et al. “OPERATION PHALCO”—Adapted Physical Activity for Breast Cancer Survivors: Is It Time for a Multidisciplinary Approach? Cancers. 2023; 15(1):34. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010034
Chicago/Turabian StyleMurri, Arianna, Daniela Vitucci, Eliana Tranchita, Elisa Grazioli, Stefania Gori, Alessandra Modena, Monica Turazza, Roberto Filippini, Silvia Galeazzi, Matteo Verzè, and et al. 2023. "“OPERATION PHALCO”—Adapted Physical Activity for Breast Cancer Survivors: Is It Time for a Multidisciplinary Approach?" Cancers 15, no. 1: 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010034