Approaches to the Management of Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Biology of ACC
2.1. Cellular Origin and Histopathology
2.2. Genomic Landscape
2.2.1. MYB/MYBL1
2.2.2. Notch Signaling
2.2.3. Chromatin State Regulators
2.3. Immune Microenvironment
3. Adjuvant Chemoradiation
4. Systemic Agents for Recurrent/Metastatic ACC
4.1. Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
4.2. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
4.3. Immunotherapy
4.4. Biological Therapy (Non-TKI)
5. Emerging Therapies for ACC
5.1. Notch Signaling Pathway
5.2. Stemness Inhibitors
5.3. PRMT5 Inhibitors
5.4. Axl Pathway Inhibitors
6. Local Therapy for Oligometastatic Lung Disease
6.1. Burden of Lung Metastasis in ACC
6.2. Pulmonary Metastasectomy
6.3. Radiation for Pulmonary Metastases
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ACC | adenoid cystic carcinoma |
CAP | cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-cisplatin |
CR | complete response |
DFI | disease-free interval |
DFS | disease-free survival |
DM | distant metastasis |
HNC | head and neck cancer |
HNSCC | head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |
ICI | immune checkpoint inhibitor |
OS | overall survival |
PD-1 | programmed death-1 receptor |
PD-L | programmed death ligand |
PFS | progression-free survival |
PM | pulmonary metastasectomy |
PR | partial response |
R/M | recurrent/metastatic |
RT | radiation therapy |
SBRT | stereotactic body radiation therapy |
SCC | squamous cell carcinoma |
SD | stable disease |
TKI | tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
VEGFR | vascular endothelial growth factor receptor |
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Study | n (ACC PMs) | Intervention | Outcomes | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Girelli et al. (2017) | 109 | PM: 83.5% CR 16.5% IR | 5-year OS: 66.8% 10-year OS: 40.5% | [134] |
Park et al. (2022) | 18 | PM: 100% CR | 1-year DFS: 88.9% 3-year DFS: 38.9% 5-year DFS: 32.4% 8-year DFS: 0% | [135] |
Locati et al. (2005) | 20 | PM: 55% CR 45% IR | Median OS: 78 mo. (CR) vs. 52 mo. (IR) Median PFS: 30 mo. (CR) vs. 15 mo. (IR) | [136] |
Liu et al. (1999) | 16 | PM: 81% CR 19% IR | 5-year OS: 84% | [137] |
Mazer et al. (1988) | 13 | PM | 5-year OS: 63% | [138] |
AlShammari et al. (2020) | 11 | PM | 5-year OS: 100% | [139] |
Bobbio et al. (2008) | 9 | PM | Median OS: 72 mo. | [140] |
Winter et al. (2008) | 6 | PM | 5-year OS: 33.3% Median OS: 43.5 mo. | [141] |
Ishida et al. (2020) | 5 | PM | 5-year OS: 100% | [50] |
Lu et al. (2019) | 3 | PM | 2-year OS: 100% 5-year OS: 100% | [142] |
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Lee, R.H.; Wai, K.C.; Chan, J.W.; Ha, P.K.; Kang, H. Approaches to the Management of Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Cancers 2022, 14, 5698. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225698
Lee RH, Wai KC, Chan JW, Ha PK, Kang H. Approaches to the Management of Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Cancers. 2022; 14(22):5698. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225698
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Rex H., Katherine C. Wai, Jason W. Chan, Patrick K. Ha, and Hyunseok Kang. 2022. "Approaches to the Management of Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma" Cancers 14, no. 22: 5698. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225698
APA StyleLee, R. H., Wai, K. C., Chan, J. W., Ha, P. K., & Kang, H. (2022). Approaches to the Management of Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Cancers, 14(22), 5698. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225698