Residual Disease in Glioma Recurrence: A Dangerous Liaison with Senescence
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Residual Disease Is the Main Contributor to Treatment Failure of GBM
2. Aging Is a Risk Factor for Advanced GBM and Treatment Resistance—A Connection with Senescence?
3. Senescence Is a Causal Driver of Aging and Cancer
4. The Identity of the Tumor Cells in the Peritumoral Zone
4.1. Heterogeneity and Plasticity at the Tumor’s Edge by Pro-Inflammatory Signals
4.2. The GBM Tumor Micro-Environment (TME) Determines GBM Cancer Stemness
5. The Right Niche to Subsist in the Peritumoral Zone
5.1. Enhanced GBM Invasion Features
5.2. The Vascular Niche Supports Residual Invasion
5.3. The Neuron Niche Supports Growth
5.4. The Astrocyte Niche Promotes Invasion and Mesenchymal Transformation
6. Factors Secreted by Senescent Cells Create a Supportive Niche for GBM Recurrence
7. Conclusions: Senescence in the Tumor Niche Is Likely to Favor Advanced GBM and Post-Treatment Recurrence
8. Future Perspectives: Strategies to Target Senescence in Glioma
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Role in Glioma Progression | Type of Component | Name of the SASP Component | Cell Type |
---|---|---|---|
Invasion | ECM | Fibronectin | Astrocyte |
Invasion | ECM | Hyaluronan | Astrocyte |
Invasion | ECM | MMP2 | Astrocyte |
Invasion | ECM | MMP9 | Astrocyte |
Invasion | Ion balance | Calcium | |
Invasion | Cytokine | IL6 | Astrocyte, endothelial cell |
Invasion | Cytokine | IL8 | Astrocyte, endothelial cell |
Glioma cell proliferation | Nutrients | Glutamate | Astrocyte |
GSC maintenance | Cytokine | IL33 | Astrocyte |
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Putavet, D.A.; de Keizer, P.L.J. Residual Disease in Glioma Recurrence: A Dangerous Liaison with Senescence. Cancers 2021, 13, 1560. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071560
Putavet DA, de Keizer PLJ. Residual Disease in Glioma Recurrence: A Dangerous Liaison with Senescence. Cancers. 2021; 13(7):1560. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071560
Chicago/Turabian StylePutavet, Diana A., and Peter L. J. de Keizer. 2021. "Residual Disease in Glioma Recurrence: A Dangerous Liaison with Senescence" Cancers 13, no. 7: 1560. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071560