Tumor Heterogeneity and Consequences for Bladder Cancer Treatment
Abstract
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Implications of Patient-Patient Tumor Heterogeneity for Therapeutic Intervention
3. Intratumoral Heterogeneity Is Prevalent in Pretreated Primary Bladder Tumors
4. Mechanisms Regulating Tumor Heterogeneity
5. Genetic Heterogeneity in Bladder Tumor Epithelia
6. Mutational Heterogeneity and Treatment Response
7. Nonmutational Mechanisms of Tumor Heterogeneity
8. Evidence for Cellular Plasticity and Implications for Treatment Response in Bladder Tumors
9. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)
10. Neuroendocrine-Like Phenotypes
11. Reversal of Cellular Plasticity as a Therapeutic Strategy
12. Drug-Tolerant Persisters and Post-Treatment Lineage Heterogeneity
13. Follow Up
14. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lavallee, E.; Sfakianos, J.P.; Mulholland, D.J. Tumor Heterogeneity and Consequences for Bladder Cancer Treatment. Cancers 2021, 13, 5297. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215297
Lavallee E, Sfakianos JP, Mulholland DJ. Tumor Heterogeneity and Consequences for Bladder Cancer Treatment. Cancers. 2021; 13(21):5297. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215297
Chicago/Turabian StyleLavallee, Etienne, John P. Sfakianos, and David J. Mulholland. 2021. "Tumor Heterogeneity and Consequences for Bladder Cancer Treatment" Cancers 13, no. 21: 5297. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215297
APA StyleLavallee, E., Sfakianos, J. P., & Mulholland, D. J. (2021). Tumor Heterogeneity and Consequences for Bladder Cancer Treatment. Cancers, 13(21), 5297. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215297