Radioresistance in Glioblastoma and the Development of Radiosensitizers
1
Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
2
Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
3
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
4
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
5
Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
6
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2020, 12(9), 2511; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092511
Received: 21 July 2020
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Revised: 24 August 2020
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Accepted: 28 August 2020
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Published: 3 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Therapy)
Simple Summary
Numerous mechanisms of glioblastoma (GBM) radioresistance have been identified but have not yet resulted in development of effective radiosensitizer that can increase the efficacy of radiotherapy. In this review, the authors review the mechanisms of GBM radioresistance along with current status of radiation treatment and imaging techniques used in GBM diagnosis and radiotherapy. In addition, they summarize the current GBM radiosensitizers that are being investigated or enrolled in clinical trials. This review emphasizes on the importance of developing an effective radiosensitizers to increase the outcome of GBM radiotherapy. The authors highlight the importance of discovering of novel mechanism(s) of GBM radioresistance that will lead in developing an effective radiosensitizer.
Ionizing radiation is a common and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Unfortunately, some GBMs are relatively radioresistant and patients have worse outcomes after radiation treatment. The mechanisms underlying intrinsic radioresistance in GBM has been rigorously investigated over the past several years, but the complex interaction of the cellular molecules and signaling pathways involved in radioresistance remains incompletely defined. A clinically effective radiosensitizer that overcomes radioresistance has yet to be identified. In this review, we discuss the current status of radiation treatment in GBM, including advances in imaging techniques that have facilitated more accurate diagnosis, and the identified mechanisms of GBM radioresistance. In addition, we provide a summary of the candidate GBM radiosensitizers being investigated, including an update of subjects enrolled in clinical trials. Overall, this review highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms of GBM radioresistance to facilitate the development of effective radiosensitizers.
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Keywords:
glioblastoma; radioresistance; radiosensitizer
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MDPI and ACS Style
Ali, M.Y.; Oliva, C.R.; Noman, A.S.M.; Allen, B.G.; Goswami, P.C.; Zakharia, Y.; Monga, V.; Spitz, D.R.; Buatti, J.M.; Griguer, C.E. Radioresistance in Glioblastoma and the Development of Radiosensitizers. Cancers 2020, 12, 2511. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092511
AMA Style
Ali MY, Oliva CR, Noman ASM, Allen BG, Goswami PC, Zakharia Y, Monga V, Spitz DR, Buatti JM, Griguer CE. Radioresistance in Glioblastoma and the Development of Radiosensitizers. Cancers. 2020; 12(9):2511. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092511
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli, Md Y., Claudia R. Oliva, Abu S.M. Noman, Bryan G. Allen, Prabhat C. Goswami, Yousef Zakharia, Varun Monga, Douglas R. Spitz, John M. Buatti, and Corinne E. Griguer. 2020. "Radioresistance in Glioblastoma and the Development of Radiosensitizers" Cancers 12, no. 9: 2511. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092511
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