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Article

Photo-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Nanocarrier of Photodynamic Anticancer Agent for Biomedical Theragnostics

1
Department of Medical Engineering, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
2
Department of Radiological Science, Hallym Polytechnic University, Chuncheon 24210, Korea
3
Lugen Bio R&D Center, Lugen Sci. Co. Ltd. 397, Seokcheon-ro, Bucheon-si 14449, Korea
4
Department of Electrical & Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoongil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Korea
5
Institute of Biomaterials, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoongil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2020, 12(3), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030571
Received: 3 February 2020 / Revised: 24 February 2020 / Accepted: 28 February 2020 / Published: 1 March 2020
Various theragnostic agents have been devised and developed as cancer treatments; however, existing agents are often limited by their specific functions and complexities. Here, we report multifunctional magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles functionalized with chlorin e6 (Ce6) and folic acid (FA) using a simple fabrication process to be used as theragnostic agents in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The effectiveness of cellular uptake of Fe3O4-Ce6-FA nanoparticles (FCF NPs) and its visualization as well as the photodynamic anticancer activities were evaluated. The mechanism of cancer cell death by the FCF NPs was also verified with qualitative and quantitative methods. Results indicate that FCF NPs have good penetration efficacy, resulting in excellent in vitro fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging in cancer cells. FCF NPs exhibited promising anticancer activity in an irradiation time- and FCF NPs-dose-dependent manner in various cancer cell lines, leading to apoptotic cell death via morphological changes in cell membrane, nuclear, and DNA damage, and via overexpression of apoptosis-related genes, such as ZFP36L1, CYR61, GADD45G, caspases-2, -3, -9, 10, and -14. This study suggests that FCF NPs may be safely used in cancer therapy via PDT and could be a versatile therapeutic tool and biocompatible theragnostic agent, which may be used in diagnostic imaging. View Full-Text
Keywords: photodynamic therapy; multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles; magnetic resonance imaging; fluorescence cellular imaging; anticancer activity; apoptotic cell death; biomedical theragnostic photodynamic therapy; multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles; magnetic resonance imaging; fluorescence cellular imaging; anticancer activity; apoptotic cell death; biomedical theragnostic
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MDPI and ACS Style

Nam, K.C.; Han, Y.S.; Lee, J.-M.; Kim, S.C.; Cho, G.; Park, B.J. Photo-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Nanocarrier of Photodynamic Anticancer Agent for Biomedical Theragnostics. Cancers 2020, 12, 571. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030571

AMA Style

Nam KC, Han YS, Lee J-M, Kim SC, Cho G, Park BJ. Photo-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Nanocarrier of Photodynamic Anticancer Agent for Biomedical Theragnostics. Cancers. 2020; 12(3):571. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030571

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nam, Ki C., Yong S. Han, Jong-Min Lee, Si C. Kim, Guangsup Cho, and Bong J. Park. 2020. "Photo-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Nanocarrier of Photodynamic Anticancer Agent for Biomedical Theragnostics" Cancers 12, no. 3: 571. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030571

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