NDRG1 Expression Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. IBC Tumor Microarrays and Immunohistochemical Staining
4.2. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Covariate | Level | NDRG1-Low (n = 32) | NDRG1-High (n = 32) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 51.5 ± 12.1 | 48.6 ± 12 | 0.3861 | |
Race | Non-white | 8 (25%) | 5 (16%) | 0.5356 |
White | 24 (75%) | 27 (84%) | ||
Histologic type | Others | 2 (6%) | 4 (13%) | 0.6719 |
Ductal | 30 (94%) | 28 (87%) | ||
Grade | 1–2 | 6 (19%) | 7 (22%) | 0.7560 |
3 | 26 (81%) | 25 (78%) | ||
Lymphovascular invasion | No | 4 (14%) | 3 (10%) | 0.7065 |
Yes | 25 (86%) | 27 (90%) | ||
Stage | III | 31 (97%) | 27 (84%) | 0.1961 |
IV | 1 (3%) | 5 (16%) | ||
Estrogen receptor | No | 21 (66%) | 19 (61%) | 0.7209 |
Yes | 11 (34%) | 12 (39%) | ||
Progesterone receptor | No | 24 (75%) | 19 (61%) | 0.2425 |
Yes | 8 (25%) | 12 (39%) | ||
HER2 | No | 12 (37%) | 22 (71%) | 0.0077 |
Yes | 20 (63%) | 9 (29%) | ||
Triple-negative breast cancer | No | 27 (84%) | 20 (64%) | 0.0879 |
Yes | 5 (16%) | 11 (36%) | ||
Adjuvant radiation | No | 10 (31%) | 11 (34%) | 0.7901 |
Yes | 22 (69%) | 21 (66%) |
Overall Survival | Disease-Specific Survival | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Covariate | Level | HR | 95% CI | p-Value | HR | 95% CI | p-Value |
Age | 1 Unit Change | 1.007 | 0.980–1.035 | 0.6080 | 1.000 | 0.971–1.029 | 0.9904 |
NDRG1 | Low | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
High | 2.107 | 1.155–3.842 | 0.0150 | 2.354 | 1.235–4.485 | 0.0092 | |
Race | Non-white | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
White | 1.823 | 0.769–4.321 | 0.1724 | 1.940 | 0.757–4.973 | 0.1676 | |
Histologic type | Others | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
Ductal | 1.027 | 0.368–2.870 | 0.9591 | 1.153 | 0.410–3.243 | 0.7874 | |
Grade | 1–2 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
3 | 2.404 | 1.014–5.698 | 0.0463 | 2.612 | 1.020–6.688 | 0.0453 | |
Lymphovascular invasion | No | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
Yes | 1.684 | 0.601–4.717 | 0.3216 | 1.493 | 0.529–4.213 | 0.4486 | |
Stage | III | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
IV | 4.638 | 1.847–11.647 | 0.0011 | 5.485 | 2.138–14.069 | 0.0004 | |
Estrogen receptor | No | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
Yes | 0.414 | 0.212–0.808 | 0.0098 | 0.426 | 0.211–0.860 | 0.0173 | |
Progesterone receptor | No | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
Yes | 0.699 | 0.359–1.361 | 0.2919 | 0.816 | 0.412–1.616 | 0.5598 | |
HER2 | No | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
Yes | 0.748 | 0.409–1.366 | 0.3445 | 0.602 | 0.313–1.161 | 0.1300 | |
Triple-negative breast cancer | No | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
Yes | 1.557 | 0.810–2.992 | 0.1844 | 1.692 | 0.852–3.358 | 0.1328 | |
Adjuvant radiation | No | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
Yes | 0.538 | 0.295–0.982 | 0.0434 | 0.486 | 0.259–0.914 | 0.0252 |
Overall Survival | Disease-Specific Survival | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Covariate | Level | HR | 95% CI | p-Value | HR | 95% CI | p-Value |
NDRG1 | Low | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
High | 2.449 | 1.302–4.607 | 0.0274 | 2.727 | 1.380–5.389 | 0.0039 | |
Estrogen receptor | No | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
Yes | 0.318 | 0.158–0.641 | 0.0014 | 0.316 | 0.151–0.665 | 0.0024 | |
Stage | III | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
IV | 4.350 | 1.685–11.229 | 0.0024 | 5.070 | 1.908–13.473 | 0.0011 | |
Adjuvant radiation | No | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
Yes | 0.620 | 0.336–1.145 | 0.1269 | 0.575 | 0.301–1.097 | 0.0930 |
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Villodre, E.S.; Gong, Y.; Hu, X.; Huo, L.; Yoon, E.C.; Ueno, N.T.; Woodward, W.A.; Tripathy, D.; Song, J.; Debeb, B.G. NDRG1 Expression Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Inflammatory Breast Cancer. Cancers 2020, 12, 3711. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123711
Villodre ES, Gong Y, Hu X, Huo L, Yoon EC, Ueno NT, Woodward WA, Tripathy D, Song J, Debeb BG. NDRG1 Expression Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Inflammatory Breast Cancer. Cancers. 2020; 12(12):3711. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123711
Chicago/Turabian StyleVillodre, Emilly S., Yun Gong, Xiaoding Hu, Lei Huo, Esther C. Yoon, Naoto T. Ueno, Wendy A. Woodward, Debu Tripathy, Juhee Song, and Bisrat G. Debeb. 2020. "NDRG1 Expression Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Inflammatory Breast Cancer" Cancers 12, no. 12: 3711. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123711