Visfatin Enhances Breast Cancer Progression through CXCL1 Induction in Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Visfatin Secreted by Breast Cancer Cells Induced Macrophage Differentiation in THP-1 and PBMCs
2.2. Visfatin-Treated THP-1 Cells Promoted Malignant Behaviors in Breast Cancer Cells
2.3. Visfatin Induced CXCL1 Secretion from THP-1 Cells Which Promoted Breast Cancer Cell Metastasis
2.4. ERK Phosphorylation Is Required for CXCL1 Secretion from Visfatin-Treated THP-1 Cells
2.5. Visfatin-Treated THP-1 Enhanced MDA-MB-231 Tumor Formation and Metastasis in the Orthotopic and Tail Vein-Injected Xenograft Mouse Models
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cells and Maintenance
4.2. Flow Cytometry
4.3. Indirect Co-culture
4.4. Giemsa Stain and Immunofluorescent Stain
4.5. Cell Viability Assay
4.6. Cell Migration and Invasion Assays
4.7. Tumorsphere Formation Assay
4.8. Western Blot
4.9. Cytokine-Chemokine Array and Phospho-Kinase Array
4.10. Elisa
4.11. Animal Study
4.12. Immunohistochemistry
4.13. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wang, Y.-Y.; Chen, H.-D.; Lo, S.; Chen, Y.-K.; Huang, Y.-C.; Hu, S.C.-S.; Hsieh, Y.-C.; Hung, A.C.; Hou, M.-F.; Yuan, S.-S.F. Visfatin Enhances Breast Cancer Progression through CXCL1 Induction in Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancers 2020, 12, 3526. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123526
Wang Y-Y, Chen H-D, Lo S, Chen Y-K, Huang Y-C, Hu SC-S, Hsieh Y-C, Hung AC, Hou M-F, Yuan S-SF. Visfatin Enhances Breast Cancer Progression through CXCL1 Induction in Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancers. 2020; 12(12):3526. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123526
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yen-Yun, Huan-Da Chen, Steven Lo, Yuk-Kwan Chen, Yu-Ci Huang, Stephen Chu-Sung Hu, Ya-Ching Hsieh, Amos C. Hung, Ming-Feng Hou, and Shyng-Shiou F. Yuan. 2020. "Visfatin Enhances Breast Cancer Progression through CXCL1 Induction in Tumor-Associated Macrophages" Cancers 12, no. 12: 3526. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123526