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Micromachines
Volume 17
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10.3390/mi17010077
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Article

Strain and Electromyography Dual-Mode Stretchable Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Joint Movement

by
Hanfei Li
1,2,3,
Xiaomeng Zhou
2,
Shouwei Yue
4,
Qiong Tian
2,
Qingsong Li
2,
Jianhong Gong
1,3,
Yong Yang
5,
Fei Han
2,
Hui Wei
4,
Zhiyuan Liu
2,* and
Yang Zhao
2,*
1
School of Airspace Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
2
Neural Engineering Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
3
Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
4
Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
5
Hand Surgery Department, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Micromachines 2026, 17(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17010077
Submission received: 1 December 2025 / Revised: 30 December 2025 / Accepted: 30 December 2025 / Published: 6 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible Materials and Stretchable Microdevices)
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Abstract

Flexible sensors have emerged as critical interfaces for information exchange between soft biological tissues and machines. Here, we present a dual-mode stretchable sensor system capable of synchronous strain and electromyography (EMG) signal detection, integrated with wireless WIFI transmission for real-time joint movement monitoring. The system consists of two key components: (1) A multi-channel gel electrode array for high-fidelity EMG signal acquisition from target muscle groups, and (2) a novel capacitive strain sensor made of stretchable micro-cracked gold film based on Styrene Ethylene Butylene Styrene (SEBS) that exhibits exceptional performance, including >80% stretchability, >4000-cycle durability, and fast response time (<100 ms). The strain sensor demonstrates position-independent measurement accuracy, enabling robust joint angle detection regardless of placement variations. Through synchronized mechanical deformation and electrophysiological monitoring, this platform provides comprehensive movement quantification, with data visualization interfaces compatible with mobile and desktop applications. The proposed technology establishes a generalizable framework for multimodal biosensing in human motion analysis, robotics, and human–machine interaction systems.
Keywords: stretchable electronics; SEBS; nanogold film; capacitive strain sensor; electromyography monitoring; dual-mode stretchable electronics; SEBS; nanogold film; capacitive strain sensor; electromyography monitoring; dual-mode

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Li, H.; Zhou, X.; Yue, S.; Tian, Q.; Li, Q.; Gong, J.; Yang, Y.; Han, F.; Wei, H.; Liu, Z.; et al. Strain and Electromyography Dual-Mode Stretchable Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Joint Movement. Micromachines 2026, 17, 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17010077

AMA Style

Li H, Zhou X, Yue S, Tian Q, Li Q, Gong J, Yang Y, Han F, Wei H, Liu Z, et al. Strain and Electromyography Dual-Mode Stretchable Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Joint Movement. Micromachines. 2026; 17(1):77. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17010077

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Hanfei, Xiaomeng Zhou, Shouwei Yue, Qiong Tian, Qingsong Li, Jianhong Gong, Yong Yang, Fei Han, Hui Wei, Zhiyuan Liu, and et al. 2026. "Strain and Electromyography Dual-Mode Stretchable Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Joint Movement" Micromachines 17, no. 1: 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17010077

APA Style

Li, H., Zhou, X., Yue, S., Tian, Q., Li, Q., Gong, J., Yang, Y., Han, F., Wei, H., Liu, Z., & Zhao, Y. (2026). Strain and Electromyography Dual-Mode Stretchable Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Joint Movement. Micromachines, 17(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17010077

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