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Micromachines
Volume 16
Issue 9
10.3390/mi16090996
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Ultrasound-Assisted Urea-Water Solution (AdBlue) Droplets Vaporization: A Mathematical Model for Film and Volumetric Regimes with Implications in NOx Emission Control

by
Claudiu Marian Picus
,
Ioan Mihai
* and
Cornel Suciu
*
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Automotive and Robotics, Stefan cel Mare University, 720229 Suceava, Romania
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Micromachines 2025, 16(9), 996; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16090996 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 25 July 2025 / Revised: 27 August 2025 / Accepted: 27 August 2025 / Published: 29 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flows in Micro- and Nano-Systems)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The vaporization of urea–water solution (AdBlue) plays a critical role in the performance of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems for modern diesel engines. This study presents mathematical models describing the vaporization of AdBlue droplets under ultrasonic excitation generated by a magnetostrictive effect, focusing on both film and volumetric regimes. The models rigorously incorporate heat and mass transfer equations, including acoustic cavitation effects induced by ultrasound. The influence of magnetostrictive-induced atomization and combined inductive preheating on droplet detachment and SCR catalyst efficiency was analyzed. Additionally, the impact of ultrasound frequency and amplitude on thermal vaporization efficiency and reactive mixture formation was investigated with the aim of enhancing NOx emission reduction. Model validation against literature data confirmed the practical applicability of the proposed approach, offering valuable insights for optimizing ultrasound-assisted AdBlue injection systems.
Keywords: ultrasonic excitation; AdBlue; atomization; SCR; mathematical model; NOx ultrasonic excitation; AdBlue; atomization; SCR; mathematical model; NOx

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Picus, C.M.; Mihai, I.; Suciu, C. Ultrasound-Assisted Urea-Water Solution (AdBlue) Droplets Vaporization: A Mathematical Model for Film and Volumetric Regimes with Implications in NOx Emission Control. Micromachines 2025, 16, 996. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16090996

AMA Style

Picus CM, Mihai I, Suciu C. Ultrasound-Assisted Urea-Water Solution (AdBlue) Droplets Vaporization: A Mathematical Model for Film and Volumetric Regimes with Implications in NOx Emission Control. Micromachines. 2025; 16(9):996. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16090996

Chicago/Turabian Style

Picus, Claudiu Marian, Ioan Mihai, and Cornel Suciu. 2025. "Ultrasound-Assisted Urea-Water Solution (AdBlue) Droplets Vaporization: A Mathematical Model for Film and Volumetric Regimes with Implications in NOx Emission Control" Micromachines 16, no. 9: 996. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16090996

APA Style

Picus, C. M., Mihai, I., & Suciu, C. (2025). Ultrasound-Assisted Urea-Water Solution (AdBlue) Droplets Vaporization: A Mathematical Model for Film and Volumetric Regimes with Implications in NOx Emission Control. Micromachines, 16(9), 996. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16090996

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