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Micromachines
Volume 16
Issue 2
10.3390/mi16020185
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Article

Real-Time 0.89 THz Terahertz Imaging with High-Electron-Mobility Transistor Detector and Hydrogen Cyanide Laser for Non-Destructive Nut Detection

by
Nu Zhang
1,2,3,
Haiqing Liu
1,*,
Huihui Yan
1,2,
Hongbei Wang
3,
Jiaxing Xie
3,
Yinxian Jie
1 and
Damao Yao
1
1
Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
2
Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
3
Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230051, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Micromachines 2025, 16(2), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16020185
Submission received: 26 December 2024 / Revised: 30 January 2025 / Accepted: 1 February 2025 / Published: 4 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Section E: Engineering and Technology)
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Abstract

We present a method for real-time terahertz imaging that employs a hydrogen cyanide (HCN) laser as a terahertz source at 0.89 THz and an AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) terahertz detector as a camera. We developed an HCN laser and constructed a transmission imaging system based on it. This combination utilizes a high-power HCN laser with a highly sensitive terahertz detector, enabling practical applications of real-time terahertz imaging. A resolution test plane was produced to determine that the system could achieve a lateral resolution of 2 mm, and real-time terahertz imaging was carried out on Siemens star, pistachios, and sunflower seeds. The results demonstrate that the hidden structures inside nuts can be observed by terahertz imaging. Through our analysis of terahertz images of both sunflower seeds and pine nuts, we successfully assessed their fullness and demonstrated the capability to distinguish between full and unfilled nuts. These findings validate the potential of this technique for future applications in nut detection. We discuss the limitations of the current setup, potential improvements, and possible applications, and we outline the introduction of aspherical lenses and terahertz transmission tomography.
Keywords: real-time terahertz imaging; HCN laser; high-electron-mobility transistors; non-destructive inspections; nut detection; agricultural product detection real-time terahertz imaging; HCN laser; high-electron-mobility transistors; non-destructive inspections; nut detection; agricultural product detection

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, N.; Liu, H.; Yan, H.; Wang, H.; Xie, J.; Jie, Y.; Yao, D. Real-Time 0.89 THz Terahertz Imaging with High-Electron-Mobility Transistor Detector and Hydrogen Cyanide Laser for Non-Destructive Nut Detection. Micromachines 2025, 16, 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16020185

AMA Style

Zhang N, Liu H, Yan H, Wang H, Xie J, Jie Y, Yao D. Real-Time 0.89 THz Terahertz Imaging with High-Electron-Mobility Transistor Detector and Hydrogen Cyanide Laser for Non-Destructive Nut Detection. Micromachines. 2025; 16(2):185. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16020185

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Nu, Haiqing Liu, Huihui Yan, Hongbei Wang, Jiaxing Xie, Yinxian Jie, and Damao Yao. 2025. "Real-Time 0.89 THz Terahertz Imaging with High-Electron-Mobility Transistor Detector and Hydrogen Cyanide Laser for Non-Destructive Nut Detection" Micromachines 16, no. 2: 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16020185

APA Style

Zhang, N., Liu, H., Yan, H., Wang, H., Xie, J., Jie, Y., & Yao, D. (2025). Real-Time 0.89 THz Terahertz Imaging with High-Electron-Mobility Transistor Detector and Hydrogen Cyanide Laser for Non-Destructive Nut Detection. Micromachines, 16(2), 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16020185

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