Forced Convection in Wavy Microchannels Porous Media Using TiO2 and Al2O3–Cu Nanoparticles in Water Base Fluids: Numerical Results

Elsafy, Kholoud Maher; Saghir, Mohamad Ziad

doi:10.3390/mi12060654

Open AccessArticle

Forced Convection in Wavy Microchannels Porous Media Using TiO₂ and Al₂O₃–Cu Nanoparticles in Water Base Fluids: Numerical Results

by

Kholoud Maher Elsafy

and

Mohamad Ziad Saghir

^*

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Micromachines 2021, 12(6), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060654

Submission received: 5 May 2021 / Revised: 31 May 2021 / Accepted: 31 May 2021 / Published: 2 June 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro/Nano Systems)

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Abstract

In the present work, an attempt is made to investigate the performance of three fluids with forced convection in a wavy channel. The fluids are water, a nanofluid of 1% TiO₂ in a water solution and a hybrid fluid which consists of 1% Al₂O₃–Cu nanoparticles in a water solution. The wavy channel has a porous insert with a permeability of 10 PPI, 20 PPI and 40 PPI, respectively. Since Reynolds number is less than 1000, the flow is assumed laminar, Newtonian and steady state. Results revealed that wavy channel provides a better heat enhancement than a straight channel of the same dimension. Porous material increases heat extraction at the expenses of the pressure drop. The nanofluid of 1% TiO₂ in water provided the highest performance evaluation criteria.

Keywords: porous cavity; wavy channels; nanofluids; forced convection; heat enhancement; pressure drop; mesh model

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MDPI and ACS Style

Elsafy, K.M.; Saghir, M.Z. Forced Convection in Wavy Microchannels Porous Media Using TiO₂ and Al₂O₃–Cu Nanoparticles in Water Base Fluids: Numerical Results. Micromachines 2021, 12, 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060654

AMA Style

Elsafy KM, Saghir MZ. Forced Convection in Wavy Microchannels Porous Media Using TiO₂ and Al₂O₃–Cu Nanoparticles in Water Base Fluids: Numerical Results. Micromachines. 2021; 12(6):654. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060654

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elsafy, Kholoud Maher, and Mohamad Ziad Saghir. 2021. "Forced Convection in Wavy Microchannels Porous Media Using TiO₂ and Al₂O₃–Cu Nanoparticles in Water Base Fluids: Numerical Results" Micromachines 12, no. 6: 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060654

APA Style

Elsafy, K. M., & Saghir, M. Z. (2021). Forced Convection in Wavy Microchannels Porous Media Using TiO₂ and Al₂O₃–Cu Nanoparticles in Water Base Fluids: Numerical Results. Micromachines, 12(6), 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060654

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Forced Convection in Wavy Microchannels Porous Media Using TiO₂ and Al₂O₃–Cu Nanoparticles in Water Base Fluids: Numerical Results

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