Elapid Snake Venom Analyses Show the Specificity of the Peptide Composition at the Level of Genera Naja and Notechis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Purification and Identification of Peptides from N. m. mossambica Venom
Fraction number (SEC) | Observed m/z | Score/sequence coverage | Sequence | Inhibitory activity | Homology with peptide from | Peptide family |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 975.1823 (M + H)7+ | 274/70% | LKCNQLIPPFWKTCPKGKNLCYKMTMRAAPMVPVKRGCIDVCPKSSLLIKYMCCNTNKCN | Bacterial subtilisin (StmPr1), chymotrypsin and 20S proteasome | P01467: Naja mossambica | Snake venom three-finger toxin (CTX M1) |
5, 6 | 6896.40 (M + H)+ | 71/48% | LKCNRLIPPFWKTCPEGKNLCYKMTMRLAPKVPVKRGCIDVCPKSSLLIKYMCCNTNKCN | P01470: Naja mossambica | Snake venom three-finger toxin (CTX M3) | |
5 | 6727.402 (M + H)+ | 119/93% | LKCNKLIPIAYKTCPEGKNLCYKMMLASKKMVPVKRGCINVCPKNSALVKYVCCSTDRCN | P01452: Naja mossambica | Snake venom three-finger toxin (CTX M4) | |
8 | 873.4511 (M + H)+ | 32 | ZQKFSPR | P85314: Bothrops moojeni | Zinc metalloproteinase | |
8 | 901.4614 (M + H)+ | 30 | ZQRFSPR | Q072L5: Bothrops asper | Zinc metalloproteinase/disintegrin | |
8 | 779.3983 (M + H)+ | 22 | ZXWPRP | ACE | P0C7R6: Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus | BPP |
10 | 1214.6581 (M + H)+ | 51 | ZXWPRPQXPP | ACE | P0C7S6: Crotalus atrox | BPP |
10 | 1276.6380 (M + H)+ | 45 | ZQWPPGHHXPP | ACE | P0C7J9: Crotalus adamanteus | BPP |
10 | 1063.5611 (M + H)+ | 20 | TPPAGPDVGPR | Q27J49: Lachesis muta muta | Bradykinin inhibitor peptide | |
10 | 1230.6743 (M + H)+ | 18 | QXWPRPQXPP | ACE | P0C7S6: Crotalus atrox | BPP |
10 | 1277.6380 (M + H)+ | 26 | ZEWPPGHHXPP | ACE | Q27J49: Lachesis muta muta | BPP |
2.2. Purification and Identification of Peptides from N. scutatus (Kangaroo Island) Venom
Observed m/z (M + H)+ | Score/sequence coverage | Sequence determined | Inhibitory activity | Homology with peptide from | Peptide family |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
6647.921* | 185/44% | MTCCNQQSSQPKTTTTCAESSCYKKTWRDHRGTITERGCGCPNVKPGVQINCCKTDECNN | A8HDK0: Notechis scutatus scutatus | Snake venom three-finger toxin | |
6687.729 | 121/27% | MTCCNQQSSQPKTTTTCAESSCYKKTWRDHRGTIIERGCGCPNVKPGIQLVCCETNECNN | A8S6A4: Austrelaps superbus | Snake venom three-finger toxin | |
6810.559 | 1569/65% | KDRPHFCHLPHDTGPCNRNTQAFYYNPVYHTCLKFIYGGCQGNSNNFKTIDECKRTCAA | Trypsin | B5KL32: Notechis scutatus scutatus | Kunitz/BPTI |
6694.233 | 231/45% | KDHPEFCELPADSGPCRGILHAFYYHPVHRTCLEFIYGGCYGNANNFKTIDECKRTCAA | Trypsin, plasma kallikrein, plasmin | Q6ITB3: Notechis scutatus scutatus | Kunitz/BPTI |
3347.688 | 54/30% | SGSEVAKIGDGCFGLPLDRIGSASGMGCRSVPKP | ACE | Q3SAE8: Notechis scutatus scutatus | NP |
1154.556 | QNPPKPXSGES | Q3SAX8: Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus | NP | ||
764.201 (M + H)2+ | Glycopeptide | ||||
681.251 | Glycopeptide |
3. Discussion
4. Experimental Section
4.1. Material
4.2. Fractionation of the Crude Venoms and Purification of Peptides
4.3. Enzyme Inhibition Assays
4.4. Mass Spectrometric Analyses
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
ACE | angiotensin-converting enzyme; |
CTX | cardiotoxin; |
BPP | bradykinin-potentiating peptide; |
NP | natriuretic peptide; |
3-F | three-finger peptide |
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Munawar, A.; Trusch, M.; Georgieva, D.; Hildebrand, D.; Kwiatkowski, M.; Behnken, H.; Harder, S.; Arni, R.; Spencer, P.; Schlüter, H.; et al. Elapid Snake Venom Analyses Show the Specificity of the Peptide Composition at the Level of Genera Naja and Notechis. Toxins 2014, 6, 850-868. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins6030850
Munawar A, Trusch M, Georgieva D, Hildebrand D, Kwiatkowski M, Behnken H, Harder S, Arni R, Spencer P, Schlüter H, et al. Elapid Snake Venom Analyses Show the Specificity of the Peptide Composition at the Level of Genera Naja and Notechis. Toxins. 2014; 6(3):850-868. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins6030850
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunawar, Aisha, Maria Trusch, Dessislava Georgieva, Diana Hildebrand, Marcel Kwiatkowski, Henning Behnken, Sönke Harder, Raghuvir Arni, Patrick Spencer, Hartmut Schlüter, and et al. 2014. "Elapid Snake Venom Analyses Show the Specificity of the Peptide Composition at the Level of Genera Naja and Notechis" Toxins 6, no. 3: 850-868. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins6030850