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Volume 14
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10.3390/toxins14080558
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Article

Bee Venom Induces Acute Inflammation through a H2O2-Mediated System That Utilizes Superoxide Dismutase

by
Kwang-Sik Lee
1,†,
Bo-Yeon Kim
1,†,
Min-Ji Park
1,
Yijie Deng
1,
Jin-Myung Kim
1,
Yun-Hui Kim
1,
Eun-Jee Heo
1,
Hyung-Joo Yoon
2,
Kyeong-Yong Lee
2,
Yong-Soo Choi
2 and
Byung-Rae Jin
1,*
1
Department of Applied Biology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
2
Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Toxins 2022, 14(8), 558; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080558
Submission received: 12 July 2022 / Revised: 2 August 2022 / Accepted: 16 August 2022 / Published: 17 August 2022
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Abstract

Venoms from venomous arthropods, including bees, typically induce an immediate local inflammatory response; however, how venoms acutely elicit inflammatory response and which components induce an inflammatory response remain unknown. Moreover, the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD3) in venom and its functional link to the acute inflammatory response has not been determined to date. Here, we confirmed that SOD3 in bee venom (bvSOD3) acts as an inducer of H2O2 production to promote acute inflammatory responses. In mouse models, exogenous bvSOD3 rapidly induced H2O2 overproduction through superoxides that are endogenously produced by melittin and phospholipase A2, which then upregulated caspase-1 activation and proinflammatory molecule secretion and promoted an acute inflammatory response. We also showed that the relatively severe noxious effect of bvSOD3 elevated a type 2 immune response and bvSOD3 immunization protected against venom-induced inflammation. Our findings provide a novel view of the mechanism underlying bee venom-induced acute inflammation and offer a new approach to therapeutic treatments for bee envenoming and bee venom preparations for venom therapy/immunotherapy.
Keywords: bee venom; arthropod venom; envenoming; superoxide dismutase; hydrogen peroxide; acute inflammation bee venom; arthropod venom; envenoming; superoxide dismutase; hydrogen peroxide; acute inflammation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lee, K.-S.; Kim, B.-Y.; Park, M.-J.; Deng, Y.; Kim, J.-M.; Kim, Y.-H.; Heo, E.-J.; Yoon, H.-J.; Lee, K.-Y.; Choi, Y.-S.; et al. Bee Venom Induces Acute Inflammation through a H2O2-Mediated System That Utilizes Superoxide Dismutase. Toxins 2022, 14, 558. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080558

AMA Style

Lee K-S, Kim B-Y, Park M-J, Deng Y, Kim J-M, Kim Y-H, Heo E-J, Yoon H-J, Lee K-Y, Choi Y-S, et al. Bee Venom Induces Acute Inflammation through a H2O2-Mediated System That Utilizes Superoxide Dismutase. Toxins. 2022; 14(8):558. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080558

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lee, Kwang-Sik, Bo-Yeon Kim, Min-Ji Park, Yijie Deng, Jin-Myung Kim, Yun-Hui Kim, Eun-Jee Heo, Hyung-Joo Yoon, Kyeong-Yong Lee, Yong-Soo Choi, and et al. 2022. "Bee Venom Induces Acute Inflammation through a H2O2-Mediated System That Utilizes Superoxide Dismutase" Toxins 14, no. 8: 558. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080558

APA Style

Lee, K.-S., Kim, B.-Y., Park, M.-J., Deng, Y., Kim, J.-M., Kim, Y.-H., Heo, E.-J., Yoon, H.-J., Lee, K.-Y., Choi, Y.-S., & Jin, B.-R. (2022). Bee Venom Induces Acute Inflammation through a H2O2-Mediated System That Utilizes Superoxide Dismutase. Toxins, 14(8), 558. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080558

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