Practical Application of Urinary Zearalenone Monitoring System for Feed Hygiene Management of a Japanese Black Cattle Breeding Herd—The Relationship between Monthly Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Serum Amyloid A Concentrations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. First Urinary ZEN Screening on Four JB Breeding Cattle Herds in the Neighborhood
2.2. Follow-up Monthly Monitoring in ZEN Detected JB Breeding Cattle Herd
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Solvents
4.2. Screening by Urinary ZEN Monitoring to Detect Cattle Herds Fed with Dietary Roughage with Elevated ZEN Contamination
4.3. Follow-up Monthly Monitoring on the Breeding Cattle Herd with Known Feed Contamination
4.4. Reproductive Records
4.5. Analytical Methods of ZEN in Urine and Feed Samples
4.6. Analytical Methods of AMH and SAA in Serum Samples
4.7. Data Management and Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ELISA | LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cow | Urinary ZEN Concentrations (pg/mL) | ZEN/Cre | ZEN/Cre | α-ZEL/Cre | β-ZEL/Cre | ΣZEN/Cre | STC/Cre | ZEN in Roughage (mg/kg) | STC in Roughage (mg/kg) |
A1 | 2132.6 | 3280.9 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
A2 | 1637.6 | 930.5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
B1 | 1937.9 | 983.7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | <0.04 ** |
B2 | 1528.5 | 979.8 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
C1 | >20,250 | >23,011.4 * | 14,363.6 | 10,772.7 | 16,454.5 | 41,590.9 | 659.1 | 1.34 | 0.08 |
C2 | >20,250 | >21,315.8 * | 11,915.8 | 8526.3 | 4736.8 | 25,178.9 | 442.1 | ||
D1 | 1931.2 | 3862.4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
D2 | 985.2 | 1669.8 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
ZEN | AMH | SAA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Geometric Mean | 95% CI | Arithmetic Mean | 95% CI | Geometric Mean | 95% CI |
2020/7 | 2142.2 | 1373.8–3340.4 | 1521.6 | 1165.7–1877.5 | 2.8 | 1.5–4.9 |
2020/8 | 8056.5 | 4853.3–13373.8 | 1594.5 | 1135.0–2053.9 | 2.5 | 1.2–5.2 |
2020/9 | 521.1 | 334.2–812.6 | 1358.0 | 1002.1–1713.9 | 2.9 | 1.6–5.1 |
2020/10 | 1065.7 | 683.4–1661.7 | 1356.6 | 1000.7–1712.5 | 4.0 | 2.2–7.1 |
2020/11 | 627.1 | 392.9–1000.9 | 1532.9 | 1134.9–1930.8 | 3.4 | 1.8–6.4 |
2020/12 | 720.8 | 462.2–1123.9 | 1665.8 | 1309.9–2021.7 | 3.1 | 1.7–5.4 |
2021/1 | 676.9 | 434.1–1055.4 | 1820.8 | 1464.9–2176.7 | 4.9 | 2.8–8.7 |
2021/2 | 995.8 | 623.9–1589.5 | 1860.0 | 1462.1–2257.9 | 3.1 | 1.6–5.8 |
2021/3 | 669.9 | 419.7–1069.2 | 1828.1 | 1430.1–2226.0 | 5.2 | 2.8–9.8 |
2021/4 | 3194.8 | 2048.8–4981.8 | 1553.8 | 1197.9–1909.7 | 3.3 | 1.9–5.9 |
2021/5 | 1763.7 | 1131.0–2750.2 | 1704.4 | 1348.5–2060.3 | 3.0 | 1.7–5.3 |
2021/6 | 1414.2 | 885.9–2257.7 | 1554.7 | 1156.8–1952.6 | 2.2 | 1.2–4.2 |
AMH | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | p-Value | |||
Simple correlation | |||||
ZEN | −0.085 | −0.787 | – | 0.617 | 0.793 |
Time-lagged correlation | |||||
ZEN (lag 1 month) | −0.449 | −1.112 | – | 0.214 | 0.160 |
AMH Change over one Month | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | p-Value | |||
Time-lagged correlation | |||||
ZEN (lag 0) | −0.024 | −0.744 | – | 0.695 | 0.941 |
ZEN (lag 1 month) | −0.377 | −1.039 | – | 0.285 | 0.230 |
SAA | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | p-Value | |||
Simple regression | |||||
ZEN | −0.400 | −1.046 | – | 0.246 | 0.198 |
Time-lagged regression | |||||
ZEN (lag 1 month) | −0.333 | −1.029 | – | 0.364 | 0.308 |
SAA Change over one Month | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | p-Value | |||
Time-lagged regress | |||||
ZEN (lag 0) | −0.245 | −0.941 | – | 0.450 | 0.446 |
ZEN (lag 1 month) | 0.065 | −0.654 | – | 0.784 | 0.843 |
Birthday | 2017 (Pre) | 2018 (Pre) | 2019 (Pre) * | 2020 (Post) ** | 2021 (Post) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cow 1 | 9 January 2016 | - | 351 | 335 | 349 | 333 |
Cow 2 | 8 November 2014 | 690 | - | 380 | 321 | 349 |
Cow 3 | 7 April 2014 | 346 | 392 | 437 | 334 | 346 |
Cow 4 | 15 July 2015 | - | 600 | - | 377 | 355 |
Cow 5 | 27 December 2016 | - | - | 420 | - | 385 |
Mean of 5 cows | 518.0 ± 172.0 | 447.7 ± 77.1 | 393.0 ± 22.7 | 345.3 ± 12.0 | 353.6 ± 8.6 | |
Mean of the pre- and post- monitorin | 439.0 ± 41.2 a (n = 9) | 349.9 ± 6.9 b (n = 9) |
Herd | Date of Sample Collection | Forage Feeds/Day | Formula Feeds/Day |
---|---|---|---|
A (n = 2) (Both 12 y) * | 10 July 2019 | Home-grown rice straw 2 kg, Home-grown WCS (rice) 6 kg, Home-grown Italian ryegrass 4 kg Total: 12 kg | Commercially available concentrates 4 kg |
B (n = 2) (3 y and 5 y) | 24 June 2019 | Home-grown rice straw 10 kg, Mixed of Italian ryegrass and Orchard grass 10 kg Total: 20 kg | Commercially available concentrates 1 kg, Wheat bran 1 kg, Maize 1 kg |
C (n = 2) (8 y and 10 y) | 19 August 2019 | Home-grown rice straw 12~14 kg, Orchard grass 10 kg (once a week) Total: 12~14 kg | Commercially available concentrates 3 kg Wheat 0.5–1 kg |
D (n = 2) (9 m and 10 m) | 11 July 2019 | Imported Oats-hey 2.25 kg, Bermuda-grass 2.25 kg Total: 4.5 kg | Commercially available concentrates 4.5 kg |
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Widodo, O.S.; Etoh, M.; Kokushi, E.; Uno, S.; Yamato, O.; Pambudi, D.; Okawa, H.; Taniguchi, M.; Lamid, M.; Takagi, M. Practical Application of Urinary Zearalenone Monitoring System for Feed Hygiene Management of a Japanese Black Cattle Breeding Herd—The Relationship between Monthly Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Serum Amyloid A Concentrations. Toxins 2022, 14, 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020143
Widodo OS, Etoh M, Kokushi E, Uno S, Yamato O, Pambudi D, Okawa H, Taniguchi M, Lamid M, Takagi M. Practical Application of Urinary Zearalenone Monitoring System for Feed Hygiene Management of a Japanese Black Cattle Breeding Herd—The Relationship between Monthly Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Serum Amyloid A Concentrations. Toxins. 2022; 14(2):143. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020143
Chicago/Turabian StyleWidodo, Oky Setyo, Makoto Etoh, Emiko Kokushi, Seiichi Uno, Osamu Yamato, Dhidhi Pambudi, Hiroaki Okawa, Masayasu Taniguchi, Mirni Lamid, and Mitsuhiro Takagi. 2022. "Practical Application of Urinary Zearalenone Monitoring System for Feed Hygiene Management of a Japanese Black Cattle Breeding Herd—The Relationship between Monthly Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Serum Amyloid A Concentrations" Toxins 14, no. 2: 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020143