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Volume 14
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10.3390/toxins14110764
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Article

Determination of Zearalenone and Its Derivatives in Feed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry with Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup and Isotope Dilution

by
Sunlin Luo
1,†,
Ying Liu
1,†,
Qi Guo
2,
Xiong Wang
2,
Ying Tian
1,
Wenjun Yang
1,
Juntao Li
1,* and
Yiqiang Chen
1,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2
Clover Technology Group Inc., Beijing 100044, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Toxins 2022, 14(11), 764; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110764
Submission received: 11 September 2022 / Revised: 2 October 2022 / Accepted: 2 November 2022 / Published: 4 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycotoxins in Animal Feed and Animal-Derived Food: Analytical Approach and Toxicology)
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Abstract

In this study, a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was established for the determination of zearalenone and its five derivatives in feed, including zearalanone, α-zearalanol, β-zearalanol, α-zearalenol, and β-zearalenol. An effective immunoaffinity column was prepared for sample purification, which was followed by the silane derivatization of the eluate after an immunoaffinity chromatography analysis for target compounds by GC-MS. Matrix effects were corrected by an isotope internal standard of zearalenone in this method. The six analytes had a good linear relationship in the range of 2–500 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.99. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were less than 1.5 μg/kg and 5.0 μg/kg, respectively. The average spike recoveries for the six feed matrices ranged from 89.6% to 112.3% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 12.6%. Twenty actual feed samples were analyzed using the established method, and at least one target was detected. The established GC-MS method was proven to be reliable and suitable for the determination of zearalenone and its derivatives in feed.
Keywords: zearalenone and its derivatives; GC-MS; immunoaffinity column; isotope dilution; feed zearalenone and its derivatives; GC-MS; immunoaffinity column; isotope dilution; feed

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MDPI and ACS Style

Luo, S.; Liu, Y.; Guo, Q.; Wang, X.; Tian, Y.; Yang, W.; Li, J.; Chen, Y. Determination of Zearalenone and Its Derivatives in Feed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry with Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup and Isotope Dilution. Toxins 2022, 14, 764. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110764

AMA Style

Luo S, Liu Y, Guo Q, Wang X, Tian Y, Yang W, Li J, Chen Y. Determination of Zearalenone and Its Derivatives in Feed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry with Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup and Isotope Dilution. Toxins. 2022; 14(11):764. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110764

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luo, Sunlin, Ying Liu, Qi Guo, Xiong Wang, Ying Tian, Wenjun Yang, Juntao Li, and Yiqiang Chen. 2022. "Determination of Zearalenone and Its Derivatives in Feed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry with Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup and Isotope Dilution" Toxins 14, no. 11: 764. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110764

APA Style

Luo, S., Liu, Y., Guo, Q., Wang, X., Tian, Y., Yang, W., Li, J., & Chen, Y. (2022). Determination of Zearalenone and Its Derivatives in Feed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry with Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup and Isotope Dilution. Toxins, 14(11), 764. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110764

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