Next Article in Journal
Corn Flour Intake, Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, and Risk of Esophageal Precancerous Lesions in a High-Risk Area of Huai’an, China: A Case-Control Study
Previous Article in Journal
Potential Roles and Functions of Listerial Virulence Factors during Brain Entry
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Toxins
Volume 12
Issue 5
10.3390/toxins12050298
toxins-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Microcystins in European Noble Crayfish Astacus astacus in Lake Steinsfjorden, a Planktothrix-Dominated Lake

by
Ingunn Anita Samdal
1,*,
David Allan Strand
1,
Andreas Ballot
2,
Johannes Christopher Rusch
1,3,
Sigrid Haande
2,
Kjersti Liv Eriksen Løvberg
1,
Christopher Owen Miles
1,4 and
Trude Vrålstad
1
1
Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway
2
Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
3
Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
4
National Research Council Canada, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxins 2020, 12(5), 298; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050298
Submission received: 7 April 2020 / Revised: 28 April 2020 / Accepted: 30 April 2020 / Published: 5 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Marine and Freshwater Toxins)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Lake Steinsfjorden, an important Norwegian location for noble crayfish (Astacus astacus), is often affected by cyanobacterial blooms caused by microcystin (MC)-producing Planktothrix spp. The impact of MCs on noble crayfish as a food source and crayfish health is largely unknown. We investigated the quantities and correlations of MCs in noble crayfish and lake water during and after a cyanobacterial bloom peaking in June–July 2015. Noble crayfish and water samples were collected monthly from June to October 2015 and in October 2016. The content of MCs was analysed by ELISA from tail muscle, intestine, stomach and hepatopancreas. PCR analysis for Planktothrix gene markers was performed on crayfish stomach content. Water samples were analysed for phytoplankton composition, biomass and MCs. PCR-positive stomach contents indicated Planktothrix to be part of the noble crayfish diet. Concentrations of MCs were highest in the hepatopancreas, stomach and intestine, peaking in August–September. Tail muscle contained low concentrations of MCs. Similar levels of MCs were found in crayfish from 2016. Except in September 2015, a normal portion of boiled noble crayfish tails was below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for MCs for humans. Removing the intestine more than halved the content of MCs and seems a reasonable precautionary measure for noble crayfish consumers.
Keywords: Astacus astacus; cyanobacteria; ELISA; noble crayfish; food safety; microcystin; Planktothrix; qPCR, tolerable daily intake; Steinsfjorden; Norway Astacus astacus; cyanobacteria; ELISA; noble crayfish; food safety; microcystin; Planktothrix; qPCR, tolerable daily intake; Steinsfjorden; Norway
Graphical Abstract

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Samdal, I.A.; Strand, D.A.; Ballot, A.; Rusch, J.C.; Haande, S.; Løvberg, K.L.E.; Miles, C.O.; Vrålstad, T. Microcystins in European Noble Crayfish Astacus astacus in Lake Steinsfjorden, a Planktothrix-Dominated Lake. Toxins 2020, 12, 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050298

AMA Style

Samdal IA, Strand DA, Ballot A, Rusch JC, Haande S, Løvberg KLE, Miles CO, Vrålstad T. Microcystins in European Noble Crayfish Astacus astacus in Lake Steinsfjorden, a Planktothrix-Dominated Lake. Toxins. 2020; 12(5):298. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050298

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samdal, Ingunn Anita, David Allan Strand, Andreas Ballot, Johannes Christopher Rusch, Sigrid Haande, Kjersti Liv Eriksen Løvberg, Christopher Owen Miles, and Trude Vrålstad. 2020. "Microcystins in European Noble Crayfish Astacus astacus in Lake Steinsfjorden, a Planktothrix-Dominated Lake" Toxins 12, no. 5: 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050298

APA Style

Samdal, I. A., Strand, D. A., Ballot, A., Rusch, J. C., Haande, S., Løvberg, K. L. E., Miles, C. O., & Vrålstad, T. (2020). Microcystins in European Noble Crayfish Astacus astacus in Lake Steinsfjorden, a Planktothrix-Dominated Lake. Toxins, 12(5), 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050298

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop