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Volume 10
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Review

Variability of Botulinum Toxins: Challenges and Opportunities for the Future

by
Christine Rasetti-Escargueil
1,2,
Emmanuel Lemichez
1,2 and
Michel R. Popoff
1,2,*
1
Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
2
Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxins 2018, 10(9), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10090374
Submission received: 10 August 2018 / Revised: 3 September 2018 / Accepted: 8 September 2018 / Published: 13 September 2018
(This article belongs to the Collection Botulinum Toxins on Human Pain)
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Abstract

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent known toxins, and are therefore classified as extremely harmful biological weapons. However, BoNTs are therapeutic drugs that are widely used and have an increasing number of applications. BoNTs show a high diversity and are divided into multiple types and subtypes. Better understanding of the activity at the molecular and clinical levels of the natural BoNT variants as well as the development of BoNT-based chimeric molecules opens the door to novel medical applications such as silencing the sensory neurons at targeted areas and dermal restoration. This short review is focused on BoNTs’ variability and the opportunities or challenges posed for future clinical applications.
Keywords: botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs); subtypes; BoNT variants botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs); subtypes; BoNT variants

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rasetti-Escargueil, C.; Lemichez, E.; Popoff, M.R. Variability of Botulinum Toxins: Challenges and Opportunities for the Future. Toxins 2018, 10, 374. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10090374

AMA Style

Rasetti-Escargueil C, Lemichez E, Popoff MR. Variability of Botulinum Toxins: Challenges and Opportunities for the Future. Toxins. 2018; 10(9):374. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10090374

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rasetti-Escargueil, Christine, Emmanuel Lemichez, and Michel R. Popoff. 2018. "Variability of Botulinum Toxins: Challenges and Opportunities for the Future" Toxins 10, no. 9: 374. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10090374

APA Style

Rasetti-Escargueil, C., Lemichez, E., & Popoff, M. R. (2018). Variability of Botulinum Toxins: Challenges and Opportunities for the Future. Toxins, 10(9), 374. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10090374

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