Moderately Low Magnesium Intake Impairs Growth of Lean Body Mass in Obese-Prone and Obese-Resistant Rats Fed a High-Energy Diet
by
Jesse Bertinato 1,2,*, Christopher Lavergne 1,3, Sophia Rahimi 1,2, Hiba Rachid 1,4, Nina A. Vu 1,2, Louise J. Plouffe 1 and Eleonora Swist 1
Jesse Bertinato 1,2,*, Christopher Lavergne 1,3, Sophia Rahimi 1,2, Hiba Rachid 1,4, Nina A. Vu 1,2, Louise J. Plouffe 1 and Eleonora Swist 1
1
Nutrition Research Division, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G. Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
2
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
3
Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
4
Food Science and Nutrition Program, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2016, 8(5), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8050253
Received: 24 November 2015 / Revised: 20 April 2016 / Accepted: 22 April 2016 / Published: 28 April 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Metabolic Dysfunction)
The physical and biochemical changes resulting from moderately low magnesium (Mg) intake are not fully understood. Obesity and associated co-morbidities affect Mg metabolism and may exacerbate Mg deficiency and physiological effects. Male rats selectively bred for diet-induced obesity (OP, obese-prone) or resistance (OR, obese-resistant) were fed a high-fat, high-energy diet containing moderately low (LMg, 0.116 ± 0.001 g/kg) or normal (NMg, 0.516 ± 0.007 g/kg) Mg for 13 weeks. The growth, body composition, mineral homeostasis, bone development, and glucose metabolism of the rats were examined. OP and OR rats showed differences (p < 0.05) in many physical and biochemical measures regardless of diet. OP and OR rats fed the LMg diet had decreased body weight, lean body mass, decreased femoral size (width, weight, and volume), and serum Mg and potassium concentrations compared to rats fed the NMg diet. The LMg diet increased serum calcium (Ca) concentration in both rat strains with a concomitant decrease in serum parathyroid hormone concentration only in the OR strain. In the femur, Mg concentration was reduced, whereas concentrations of Ca and sodium were increased in both strains fed the LMg diet. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in an oral glucose tolerance test were similar in rats fed the LMg or NMg diets. These results show that a moderately low Mg diet impairs the growth of lean body mass and alters femoral geometry and mineral metabolism in OP and OR rats fed a high-energy diet.
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Keywords:
bone; diet; glucose; growth; lean body mass; magnesium deficiency; obesity; rat
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MDPI and ACS Style
Bertinato, J.; Lavergne, C.; Rahimi, S.; Rachid, H.; Vu, N.A.; Plouffe, L.J.; Swist, E. Moderately Low Magnesium Intake Impairs Growth of Lean Body Mass in Obese-Prone and Obese-Resistant Rats Fed a High-Energy Diet. Nutrients 2016, 8, 253.
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