Therapeutic Effect of Polysaccharide of Large Yellow Croaker Swim Bladder on Lupus Nephritis of Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Polysaccharide of Large Yellow Croaker Swim Bladder (PLYCSB) Preparation
2.2. Lupus Nephritis Experiment
2.3. Analysis of Inflammation-Related Cytokines in Serum by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.4. Serum Levels of SCr (Serum Creatinine), BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), TC (Total Cholesterol), TG (Triglyceride), TP (Total protein) and ALB (Albumin) Determination
2.5. Auto-Antibody ds-DNA Assay
2.6. Urinary Protein Excretion Test
2.7. Histology Assay
2.8. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain reaction (RT-PCR) of Inflammation—Related Gene Expression in the Kidney Tissue
2.9. Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis in the Kidney Tissue
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cytokine IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ Levels
Group | IL-6 (pg/mL) | IL-12 (pg/mL) | TNF-α (pg/mL) | IFN-γ (pg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | 51.34 ± 3.63 a | 432.65 ± 41.26 A | 110.36 ± 6.68 a | 41.27 ± 2.98 A |
Control | 308.95 ± 31.23 b | 1711.56 ± 89.91 B | 731.83 ± 13.60 b | 127.28 ± 8.13 B |
PLYCSB | ||||
25 mg/kg | 201.46 ± 22.37 c | 1227.10 ± 77.21 C | 537.83 ± 19.55 c | 81.43 ± 5.44 C |
50 mg/kg | 131.61 ± 20.43 d | 871.74 ± 32.36 D | 301.18 ± 14.76 d | 63.65 ± 6.35 D |
3.2. Serum SCr, BUN, TC, TG, TP and ALB Levels
Group | SCr (μmol/L) | BUN (mmol/L) | TC (mmol/L) | TG (mmol/L) | TP (g/L) | ALB (g/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | 61.21 ± 4.21 a | 1.44 ± 0.36 A | 1.71 ± 0.23 d | 0.97 ± 0.12 A | 52.27 ± 3.28 b | 35.18 ± 1.38 B |
Control | 134.72 ± 17.88 b | 14.87 ± 2.12 B | 16.42 ± 2.17 a | 14.76 ± 1.28 B | 22.82 ± 1.65 a | 12.27 ± 0.22 A |
PLYCSB | ||||||
25 mg/kg | 107.82 ± 2.86 c | 7.22 ± 1.18 C | 12.67 ± 2.97 b | 8.39 ± 1.26 C | 35.91 ± 1.88 d | 20.09 ± 0.98 D |
50 mg/kg | 80.37 ± 2.77 d | 4.62 ± 0.87 D | 6.26 ± 0.67 c | 4.51 ± 1.19 D | 42.67 ± 1.20 c | 28.17 ± 0.68 C |
3.3. ds-DNA Positive Rate during the Experiment
Group | 2 Weeks | 4 Weeks | 6 Weeks | 8 Weeks | 10 Weeks | 12 Weeks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | 0/10 a (0%) | 0/10 A (0%) | 0/10 d (0%) | 0/10 D (0%) | 0/10 c (0%) | 0/10 C (0%) |
Control | 5/10 b (50%) | 8/10 B (80%) | 10/10 b (100%) | 10/10 B (100%) | 10/10 b (100%) | 10/10 B (100%) |
PLYCSB | ||||||
25 mg/kg | 4/10 c (40%) | 6/10 C (60%) | 8/10 c (80%) | 10/10 B (100%) | 10/10 b (100%) | 10/10 B (100%) |
50 mg/kg | 4/10 c (40%) | 5/10 D (50%) | 6/10 a (60%) | 7/10 C (70%) | 10/10 b (100%) | 10/10 B (100%) |
3.4. Change of Urine Protein during the Experiment
Group | 2 Weeks | 4 Weeks | 6 Weeks | 8 Weeks | 10 Weeks | 12 Weeks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | 0.73 ± 0.09 a | 0.79 ± 0.11 A | 0.82 ± 0.06 a | 0.88 ± 0.10 A | 0.87 ± 0.11 a | 0.90 ± 0.04 A |
Control | 5.75 ± 0.63 b | 6.22 ± 0.54 B | 7.87 ± 0.81 b | 8.24 ± 0.72 B | 8.88 ± 0.50 b | 9.12 ± 1.01 B |
PLYCSB | ||||||
25 mg/kg | 3.26 ± 0.41 c | 4.03 ± 0.61 C | 4.50 ± 0.36 c | 5.11 ± 0.53 C | 6.05 ± 0.39 c | 6.39 ± 0.41 C |
50 mg/kg | 2.02 ± 0.27 d | 2.35 ± 0.19 D | 2.72 ± 0.11 d | 3.12 ± 0.23 D | 3.41 ± 0.07 d | 4.89 ± 0.38 D |
3.5. Glomerular Number and Glomerular Sclerosis Index by Histological Analysis
Group | Number of Glomerular | Glomerular Sclerosis Index |
---|---|---|
Normal | 35 ± 3 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 A |
Control | 13 ± 3 b | 3.12 ± 0.96 B |
PLYCSB | ||
25 mg/kg | 22 ± 2 c | 2.03 ± 0.45 C |
50 mg/kg | 27 ± 3 d | 1.57 ± 0.32 D |
3.6. Gene Expression of NF-κB-p65, IκB-α, TGF-β1, Fas and FasL
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
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Jiang, X.; Zhao, X.; Luo, H.; Zhu, K. Therapeutic Effect of Polysaccharide of Large Yellow Croaker Swim Bladder on Lupus Nephritis of Mice. Nutrients 2014, 6, 1223-1235. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6031223
Jiang X, Zhao X, Luo H, Zhu K. Therapeutic Effect of Polysaccharide of Large Yellow Croaker Swim Bladder on Lupus Nephritis of Mice. Nutrients. 2014; 6(3):1223-1235. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6031223
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Xianhong, Xin Zhao, Huali Luo, and Kai Zhu. 2014. "Therapeutic Effect of Polysaccharide of Large Yellow Croaker Swim Bladder on Lupus Nephritis of Mice" Nutrients 6, no. 3: 1223-1235. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6031223