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Nutrients
Volume 18
Issue 12
10.3390/nu18121919
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

The Influence of Dietary and Physical Exercise Habits on Melanoma Risk: A Case–Control Study

by
Francesca Crespí-Payeras
1,2,3,4,
Rosa Moll-Amengual
1,2,3,
Neus Calbet-Llopart
1,2,3,4,
Judit Mateu
3,4,
Míriam Potrony
1,2,3,5,
Cristina Carrera
1,2,3,4,6,
Pablo Iglesias
3,4,
Gemma Tell-Martí
1,2,3,4,
Teresa Torres Moral
3,4,† and
Susana Puig
1,2,3,4,*,†
1
Melanoma Unit, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
2
Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
3
Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
4
Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
5
Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
6
Pharmacovigilance Executive Committee, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Nutrients 2026, 18(12), 1919; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18121919 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 14 May 2026 / Revised: 5 June 2026 / Accepted: 10 June 2026 / Published: 12 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Nutrition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Obesity, food and nutrient intake, and physical activity (PA) have been linked to the occurrence of various types of cancer. However, evidence regarding their relationship with melanoma is limited. We aimed to assess whether body mass index (BMI), diet quality, food cooking methods, and PA influence the risk of developing melanoma. Methods: This case–control study compared the demographic characteristics, dietary habits, and PA of 130 melanoma patients from the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona with 166 control subjects of similar age and sex distribution. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire, administered between January 2016 and February 2020. The association between these factors and melanoma was assessed using odds ratios for binary variables with 95% confidence intervals. Results: BMI was not found to be associated with the diagnosis of melanoma. However, restricting foods and limiting sugary products did show a correlation with lower melanoma risk, while dairy product restriction was associated with an increased risk. Consumption of processed meats and unhealthy cooking methods were also associated with an increased risk of melanoma development. Lastly, an inverse association between PA practice and frequency and melanoma risk was observed in women, while vigorous-intensity PA showed an inverse association regardless of sex. Conclusions: This study identifies specific dietary patterns and PA behaviors that may play a role in melanoma risk, highlighting the potential for personalized lifestyle-based prevention strategies.
Keywords: melanoma; body mass index; dietary habits; physical exercise melanoma; body mass index; dietary habits; physical exercise

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MDPI and ACS Style

Crespí-Payeras, F.; Moll-Amengual, R.; Calbet-Llopart, N.; Mateu, J.; Potrony, M.; Carrera, C.; Iglesias, P.; Tell-Martí, G.; Moral, T.T.; Puig, S. The Influence of Dietary and Physical Exercise Habits on Melanoma Risk: A Case–Control Study. Nutrients 2026, 18, 1919. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18121919

AMA Style

Crespí-Payeras F, Moll-Amengual R, Calbet-Llopart N, Mateu J, Potrony M, Carrera C, Iglesias P, Tell-Martí G, Moral TT, Puig S. The Influence of Dietary and Physical Exercise Habits on Melanoma Risk: A Case–Control Study. Nutrients. 2026; 18(12):1919. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18121919

Chicago/Turabian Style

Crespí-Payeras, Francesca, Rosa Moll-Amengual, Neus Calbet-Llopart, Judit Mateu, Míriam Potrony, Cristina Carrera, Pablo Iglesias, Gemma Tell-Martí, Teresa Torres Moral, and Susana Puig. 2026. "The Influence of Dietary and Physical Exercise Habits on Melanoma Risk: A Case–Control Study" Nutrients 18, no. 12: 1919. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18121919

APA Style

Crespí-Payeras, F., Moll-Amengual, R., Calbet-Llopart, N., Mateu, J., Potrony, M., Carrera, C., Iglesias, P., Tell-Martí, G., Moral, T. T., & Puig, S. (2026). The Influence of Dietary and Physical Exercise Habits on Melanoma Risk: A Case–Control Study. Nutrients, 18(12), 1919. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18121919

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