Combination of Parenteral Amino Acid Infusion and Intermittent Loading Exercise Ameliorates Progression of Postoperative Sarcopenia in Rat Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Experimental Design and Operative Procedures
2.2.1. Models of Postoperative Sarcopenia and Intermittent Loading
2.2.2. Nutritional Management
2.2.3. Tissue and Blood Sampling
2.3. Measurements
2.3.1. Body Weight and Composition
2.3.2. Muscle Weight and Gastrocnemius Myofiber Cross-Sectional Area
2.3.3. Hindlimb Muscle Strength
2.3.4. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
2.3.5. Western Blot Analysis
2.3.6. Plasma AA Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Body Weight and Lean Mass
3.2. Skeletal Muscle Mass and Gastrocnemius Myofiber CSA
3.3. Hindlimb Muscle Strength
3.4. mRNA Expression of Atrogenes
3.5. mRNA Expression of Autophagy-Related Genes
3.6. mRNA Expression of FOXO Transcription Factors and Its Target Gene
3.7. mRNA Expression of Eif4ebp1 and Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1
3.8. mRNA Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms
3.9. Plasma AA Concentrations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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AA (−) | AA (+) | AA (−)-Exc | AA (+)-Exc | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Composition | ||||
Glucose (%, w/v) | 10.0 | 7.5 | 10.0 | 7.5 |
Amino acids (%, w/v) | 0 | 3.0 | 0 | 3.0 |
Total calories (kcal) | 400 | 420 | 400 | 420 |
Daily Dosage | ||||
Volume (mL/kg/d) | 245 | 233.3 | 245 | 233.3 |
Total energy (kcal/kg/d) | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 |
Glucose (g/kg/d) | 24.5 | 17.5 | 24.5 | 17.5 |
Amino acids (g/kg/d) | 0 | 7.0 | 0 | 7.0 |
Normal | AA (−) | AA (+) | AA (−)-Exc | AA (+)-Exc | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BCAA | 524.7 ± 104.9 | 338.6 ± 25.5 **, a | 525.7 ± 39.7 b | 318.9 ± 32.5 ***, a | 489.4 ± 37.8 b |
EAA | 1608.1 ± 193.2 | 1364.1 ± 71.4 *, a | 1757.2 ± 91.0 b | 1311.7 ± 83.8 **, a | 1683.3 ± 88.3 b |
NEAA | 2580.1 ± 211.5 | 2826.2 ± 174.3 **, a | 2205.6 ± 98.5 ***, b | 2620.2 ± 158.9 c | 2097.0 ± 108.9 ***, b |
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Wada, A.; Yamashita, H.; Togashi, A.; Ogawa, S.; Muroi, A.; Kido, S.; Furuya, S. Combination of Parenteral Amino Acid Infusion and Intermittent Loading Exercise Ameliorates Progression of Postoperative Sarcopenia in Rat Model. Nutrients 2024, 16, 1218. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081218
Wada A, Yamashita H, Togashi A, Ogawa S, Muroi A, Kido S, Furuya S. Combination of Parenteral Amino Acid Infusion and Intermittent Loading Exercise Ameliorates Progression of Postoperative Sarcopenia in Rat Model. Nutrients. 2024; 16(8):1218. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081218
Chicago/Turabian StyleWada, Akira, Hayato Yamashita, Ayaka Togashi, Shunsuke Ogawa, Arashi Muroi, Satoshi Kido, and Shigeki Furuya. 2024. "Combination of Parenteral Amino Acid Infusion and Intermittent Loading Exercise Ameliorates Progression of Postoperative Sarcopenia in Rat Model" Nutrients 16, no. 8: 1218. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081218