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Nutrients
Volume 16
Issue 18
10.3390/nu16183138
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Article

The Impact of Yoyo Dieting and Resistant Starch on Weight Loss and Gut Microbiome in C57Bl/6 Mice

by
Kate Phuong-Nguyen
1,2,*,
Martin O’Hely
1,3,
Greg M. Kowalski
2,4,
Sean L. McGee
1,2,
Kathryn Aston-Mourney
1,2,
Timothy Connor
1,2,
Malik Q. Mahmood
5 and
Leni R. Rivera
1,2,*
1
School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
2
Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
3
Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
4
School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
5
School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3138; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183138
Submission received: 31 July 2024 / Revised: 5 September 2024 / Accepted: 13 September 2024 / Published: 17 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeting the Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Disease)
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Abstract

Cyclic weight loss and subsequent regain after dieting and non-dieting periods, a phenomenon termed yoyo dieting, places individuals at greater risk of metabolic complications and alters gut microbiome composition. Resistant starch (RS) improves gut health and systemic metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of yoyo dieting and RS on the metabolism and gut microbiome. C57BL/6 mice were assigned to 6 diets for 20 weeks, including control, high fat (HF), yoyo (alternating HF and control diets every 5 weeks), control with RS, HF with RS, and yoyo with RS. Metabolic outcomes and microbiota profiling using 16S rRNA sequencing were examined. Yoyo dieting resulted in short–term weight loss, which led to improved liver health and insulin tolerance but also a greater rate of weight gain compared to continuous HF feeding, as well as a different microbiota profile that was in an intermediate configuration between the control and HF states. Mice fed HF and yoyo diets supplemented with RS gained less weight than those fed without RS. RS supplementation in yoyo mice appeared to shift the gut microbiota composition closer to the control state. In conclusion, yoyo dieting leads to obesity relapse, and increased RS intake reduces weight gain and might help prevent rapid weight regain via gut microbiome restoration.
Keywords: weight cycling; yoyo dieting; obesity; resistant starch; gut microbiome; metabolism; short-chain fatty acid; fatty liver weight cycling; yoyo dieting; obesity; resistant starch; gut microbiome; metabolism; short-chain fatty acid; fatty liver

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MDPI and ACS Style

Phuong-Nguyen, K.; O’Hely, M.; Kowalski, G.M.; McGee, S.L.; Aston-Mourney, K.; Connor, T.; Mahmood, M.Q.; Rivera, L.R. The Impact of Yoyo Dieting and Resistant Starch on Weight Loss and Gut Microbiome in C57Bl/6 Mice. Nutrients 2024, 16, 3138. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183138

AMA Style

Phuong-Nguyen K, O’Hely M, Kowalski GM, McGee SL, Aston-Mourney K, Connor T, Mahmood MQ, Rivera LR. The Impact of Yoyo Dieting and Resistant Starch on Weight Loss and Gut Microbiome in C57Bl/6 Mice. Nutrients. 2024; 16(18):3138. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183138

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phuong-Nguyen, Kate, Martin O’Hely, Greg M. Kowalski, Sean L. McGee, Kathryn Aston-Mourney, Timothy Connor, Malik Q. Mahmood, and Leni R. Rivera. 2024. "The Impact of Yoyo Dieting and Resistant Starch on Weight Loss and Gut Microbiome in C57Bl/6 Mice" Nutrients 16, no. 18: 3138. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183138

APA Style

Phuong-Nguyen, K., O’Hely, M., Kowalski, G. M., McGee, S. L., Aston-Mourney, K., Connor, T., Mahmood, M. Q., & Rivera, L. R. (2024). The Impact of Yoyo Dieting and Resistant Starch on Weight Loss and Gut Microbiome in C57Bl/6 Mice. Nutrients, 16(18), 3138. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183138

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