Pre-Exercise Caffeine Intake Attenuates the Negative Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Several Aspects of High-Intensity Short-Term Maximal Performances in Adolescent Female Handball Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Experimental Protocol
2.3.1. Dietary Intake
2.3.2. Sleep Assessement
2.3.3. Squat Jump Test (SJ)
2.3.4. Agility Test (AG)
2.3.5. Five Meter Shuttles Run Test (5 m-SRT)
- -
- Total distance (TD) (m) = total distance covered during the six 30 s shuttles;
- -
- Best distance (PD) (m) = the longest distance covered in a 30 s shuttle sprint.
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Dietary Intake
3.2. Sleep Assessement
3.3. Squat Jump Test (SJ)
3.4. Agility Test (AG)
3.5. Five Meter-SRT
3.5.1. Total Distance (TD)
3.5.2. Peak Distance (PD)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Minimum | Maximum | Mean | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 16 | 17 | 16.6 ± 0.5 |
Body mass (kg) | 51 | 76 | 59.3 ± 9.1 |
Height (m) | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.7 ± 0.1 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 18.3 | 27.5 | 21.4 ± 2.7 |
Daily caffeine intake (mg) | 30 | 95 | 56.2 ± 21.1 |
MEQ questionnaire score (au) | 43 | 57 | 50.2 ± 4.6 |
Handball experience (years) | 3 | 5 | 3.8 ± 0.6 |
Training sessions frequency/week | 3 | 5 | 4.2 ± 0.7 |
Usual training session duration (min) | 60 | 120 | 90 ± 22.16 |
Pre-Ramadan | Ramadan | Post-Ramadan | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Protein (g/d) | 65 ± 15.7 | 62.9 ± 17.6 | 68.2 ± 16.2 | 0.31 |
Carbohydrate (g/d) | 476.8 ± 62.5 | 480.6 ± 62.1 | 477.8 ± 61.8 | 0.26 |
Fat (g/d) | 106.7 ± 18.8 | 107.8 ± 18.5 | 104.3 ± 19.6 | 0.12 |
Energy intake (kcal/day) | 3282.8 ± 330.6 | 3300.4 ± 327.5 | 3277.3 ± 331.6 | 0.62 |
Body mass (kg) | 59.3 ± 9.1 | 59.3 ± 8.6 | 59.58 ± 9.01 | 0.27 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.4 ± 2.7 | 21.4 ± 2.5 | 21.5 ± 2.6 | 0.29 |
Pre-Ramadan | Ramadan | Post-Ramadan | |
---|---|---|---|
Sleep latency (min) | 15.9 ± 1.5 | 16.2 ± 1.3 | 16.3 ± 1.3 |
Sleep effciency (%) | 95.64 ± 4.5 +# | 90.03 ± 5.1 & | 91.67 ± 5.1 & |
Sleep duration (h) | 7.5 ± 0.9 +# | 6 ± 0.7 &∞ | 6.5 ± 0.7 &* |
Sleep quality (AU) | 0.5 ± 0.4 +# | 2.1 ± 0.6 &∞ | 1.6 ± 0.6 &* |
Sleep disturbances (AU) | 0.5 ± 0.3 +# | 1.3 ± 0.4 &*Ω | 0.9± 0.2 &ŧ |
Daytime dysfunction (AU) | 0.3 ± 0.2 +# | 0.7 ± 0.2 & | 0.9 ± 0.3 & |
Total score of PSQI (AU) | 2.1 ± 1.2 +# | 6.4 ± 1.3 &# | 5 ± 1.2 +& |
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Bougrine, H.; Nasser, N.; Abdessalem, R.; Ammar, A.; Chtourou, H.; Souissi, N. Pre-Exercise Caffeine Intake Attenuates the Negative Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Several Aspects of High-Intensity Short-Term Maximal Performances in Adolescent Female Handball Players. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3432. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153432
Bougrine H, Nasser N, Abdessalem R, Ammar A, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Pre-Exercise Caffeine Intake Attenuates the Negative Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Several Aspects of High-Intensity Short-Term Maximal Performances in Adolescent Female Handball Players. Nutrients. 2023; 15(15):3432. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153432
Chicago/Turabian StyleBougrine, Houda, Nidhal Nasser, Raouf Abdessalem, Achraf Ammar, Hamdi Chtourou, and Nizar Souissi. 2023. "Pre-Exercise Caffeine Intake Attenuates the Negative Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Several Aspects of High-Intensity Short-Term Maximal Performances in Adolescent Female Handball Players" Nutrients 15, no. 15: 3432. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153432
APA StyleBougrine, H., Nasser, N., Abdessalem, R., Ammar, A., Chtourou, H., & Souissi, N. (2023). Pre-Exercise Caffeine Intake Attenuates the Negative Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Several Aspects of High-Intensity Short-Term Maximal Performances in Adolescent Female Handball Players. Nutrients, 15(15), 3432. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153432