Garcinone E Mitigates Oxidative Inflammatory Response and Protects against Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis via Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB and TNF-α/JNK Axis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. General Experimental Procedures
2.2. Plant Material
2.3. Extraction and Isolation
2.4. Animals
2.5. Chemicals and Reagents
2.6. Experimental Design
2.7. Biochemical Measurements
2.7.1. Hepatotoxicity Markers
2.7.2. MPO
2.7.3. Antioxidant Balance and Oxidative Stress
2.7.4. Nitric Oxide (NO)
2.8. ELISA Assay
2.8.1. Nrf2 and HO-1
2.8.2. Inflammatory and Apoptosis Mediators
2.9. Histopathology
2.10. IHC (Immunohistochemistry)
2.11. RT-PCR
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. GE-Alleviated Con-A-Induced Hepatic Injury
3.2. GE Decreased Immuno-Expression of CD4+ and PCNA in Con-A-Challenged Mice
3.3. GE Enhanced Nrf2 Signaling and Antioxidants to Counteract Con-A-Induced Oxidative Response in Hepatic Tissue
3.4. GE Suppressed Con-A-Induced NF-κB Activation and Downstream Inflammation Cascades
3.5. GE Inhibited TNF-α/JNK Signaling and Ameliorated Con-A-Induced Apoptosis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene (Mouse) | Accession | Sequence (5′-3′) | PCR Product Size (bp) |
---|---|---|---|
Nrf2 | NM_010902 | F: TGAAGCTCAGCTCGCATTGA R: TGCTCCAGCTCGACAATGTT | 108 |
HO-1 | NM_010442 | F: GAAATCATCCCTTGCACGCC | 122 |
R: CCTGAGAGGTCACCCAGGTA | |||
GCLc | NM_010295 | F: GCTTTGGGTCGCAAGTAGGA | 181 |
R: GCGTCCCGTCCGTTCC | |||
NF-ĸB | NM_008689 | F: CCACTGTCAACAGATGGCCC | 158 |
R: TTGCAAATTTTGACCTGTGGGT | |||
IL-6 | NM_031168 | F: CCCCAATTTCCAATGCTCTCC | 141 |
R: CGCACTAGGTTTGCCGAGTA | |||
IL-1β | NM_008361 | F: TGCCACCTTTTGACAGTGATG | 138 |
R: TGATGTGCTGCTGCGAGATT | |||
TNF-α | AY423855 | F: TCCCAAATGGCCTCCCTCTC | 98 |
R: TACGACGTGGGCTACAGGCT | |||
β-actin | NM_007393 | F: CTGAGCTGCGTTTTACACCC | 200 |
R: CGCCTTCACCGTTCCAGTTT |
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Mohamed, G.A.; Ibrahim, S.R.M.; Hareeri, R.H.; Binmahfouz, L.S.; Bagher, A.M.; Abdallah, H.M.; Elsaed, W.M.; El-Agamy, D.S. Garcinone E Mitigates Oxidative Inflammatory Response and Protects against Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis via Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB and TNF-α/JNK Axis. Nutrients 2023, 15, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010016
Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM, Hareeri RH, Binmahfouz LS, Bagher AM, Abdallah HM, Elsaed WM, El-Agamy DS. Garcinone E Mitigates Oxidative Inflammatory Response and Protects against Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis via Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB and TNF-α/JNK Axis. Nutrients. 2023; 15(1):16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010016
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed, Gamal A., Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim, Rawan H. Hareeri, Lenah S. Binmahfouz, Amina M. Bagher, Hossam M. Abdallah, Wael M. Elsaed, and Dina S. El-Agamy. 2023. "Garcinone E Mitigates Oxidative Inflammatory Response and Protects against Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis via Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB and TNF-α/JNK Axis" Nutrients 15, no. 1: 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010016