Orthorexia Nervosa and Disordered Eating Attitudes, Self-Esteem and Physical Activity among Young Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Demographic Schedule
2.2.2. The Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ): Assessment of ON
2.2.3. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26): Assessment of Disordered Eating Attitudes
2.2.4. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES): Assessment of Self-Esteem
2.2.5. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): Assessment of Physical Activity
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Features of the University Students’ Samples
3.2. Invariance’s Measurement Across Groups
3.3. Constructs Associated with ON
3.4. Comparison of High Versus Low Level of ON with Disordered Eating Attitudes, Self-Esteem and Physical Activity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Polish Young Adults (N = 243) | Italian Young Adults (N = 311) | Total Sample (N = 554) | F (a) or Chi-Squared (b) | p | Partial η2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (SD) or N (%) | ||||||
Age | 22.23 (2.30) | 21.95 (2.10) | 22.07 (2.19) | 2.21 (a) | 0.14 | 0.004 |
Body Mass Index | 22.65 (4.36) | 21.44 (3.07) | 21.97 (3.73). | 14.47 (a) | <0.001 | 0.03 |
Gender (% female) | 203 (83.5%) | 248 (79.7%) | 451 (81.4) | 1.30 (b) | 0.27 | 0.05 |
Marital status (% single) | 228 (93.8%) | 280 (90%) | 508 (91.7) | 2.58 (b) | 0.12 | 0.07 |
Chronic disease | 43 (17.7%) | 24 (7.7%) | 67 (12.1) | 12.78 (b) | 0.001 | 0.15 |
Anxiety disorder | 4 (1.6%) | 13 (4.2%) | 17 (3.1) | 2.95 (b) | 0.13 | 0.073 |
Avoidance of food | 89 (36.6%) | 91 (29.3%) | 180 (32.5) | 3.37 (b) | 0.07 | 0.08 |
Using laxatives | 9 (3.7%) | 5 (1.6%) | 14 (2.5) | 2.43 (b) | 0.17 | 0.07 |
Vomiting | 7 (2.9%) | 7 (2.3%) | 14 (2.5) | 0.22 (b) | 0.79 | 0.02 |
Omnivore diet | 163 (67.4%) | 290 (93.2%) | 453 (81.8%) | 75.29 (b) | <0.001 | 0.37 |
Vegetarian diet | 16 (6.6%) | 15 (4.8%) | 31 (5.6%) |
Model | χ2 | df | χ2/df | RMSEA | 90% RMSEA | SRMR | CFI | Comparison | Delta χ2 | Delta df | p-Value | Delta CFI | Decision |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CI | 930.375 | 372 | 2.501 | 0.071 | (0.066–0.077) | 0.096 | 0.979 | ||||||
LI | 1060.246 | 390 | 2.719 | 0.076 | (0.071–0.082) | 0.103 | 0.975 | Model CI vs. LI | 129.871 | 18 | 0.000 | −0.004 | Accepted |
TI | 1145.522 | 429 | 2.670 | 0.075 | (0.070–0.081) | 0.098 | 0.973 | Model TI vs. LI | 85.276 | 39 | 0.000 | −0.002 | Accepted |
FVI | 1176.027 | 432 | 2.722 | 0.076 | (0.071–0.082) | 0.099 | 0.972 | Model FVI vs. TI | 30.505 | 3 | 0.000 | −0.001 | Accepted |
FCI | 1236.657 | 435 | 2.843 | 0.079 | (0.074–0.084) | 0.101 | 0.970 | Model FCI vs. FVI | 60.630 | 3 | 0.000 | −0.002 | Accepted |
FMI | 1443.375 | 438 | 3.295 | 0.088 | (0.083–0.093) | 0.102 | 0.962 | Model FMI vs. FCI | 206.718 | 3 | 0.000 | −0.008 | Reject |
Dependent Variable: EHQ Total Score | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | R | R2 | R2 Adapted | R2 Modified | ß |
EAT-26-D | 0.579 | 0.336 | 0.330 | 0.336 | 0.579 |
EAT-26-D; IPAQ-M | 0.599 | 0.359 | 0.347 | 0.023 | 0.564; 0.152 |
Dependent variable: EHQ Problem score | |||||
Model | R | R2 | R2 adapted | R2 modified | ß |
EAT-26-D | 0.551 | 0.304 | 0.298 | 0.304 | 0.551 |
EAT-26-D; EAT-26-B&FP | 0.616 | 0.380 | 0.369 | 0.076 | 0.371; 0.329 |
EAT-26-D; EAT-26-B&FP; IPAQ-M | 0.661 | 0.437 | 0.422 | 0.057 | 0.331; 0.356; 0.241 |
Dependent variable: EHQ Knowledge score | |||||
Model | R | R2 | R2 adapted | R2 modified | ß |
EAT-26-D | 0.407 | 0.165 | 0.158 | 0.165 | 0.407 |
EAT-26-D; RSES | 0.451 | 0.203 | 0.189 | 0.038 | 0.412; 0.195 |
EAT-26-D; RSES; EAT-26-OC | 0.486 | 0.236 | 0.216 | 0.033 | 0.492; 0.204; −0.198 |
Dependent variable: EHQ Feelings score | |||||
Model | R | R2 | R2 adapted | R2 modified | ß |
EAT-26-D | 0.411 | 0.169 | 0.162 | 0.169 | 0.411 |
Low EHQ (N = 67) | High EHQ (N = 68) | F (1133) | p | Partial η2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (SD) | |||||
EAT-26_total | 4.22 (6.86) | 16.68 (12.19) | 53.30 | <0.001 | 0.29 |
EAT-26_Dieting | 2.54 (5.16) | 10.93 (7.58) | 56.32 | <0.001 | 0.30 |
EAT-26_Bulimia and food preoccupation | 0.28 (0.62) | 2.60 (3.27) | 32.46 | <0.001 | 0.20 |
EAT-26_Oral Control | 1.09 (2.16) | 2.84 (2.98) | 15.24 | <0.001 | 0.10 |
IPAQ_total | 1625.34 (1419.73) | 2919.85 (3024.81) | 10.08 | <0.01 | 0.07 |
IPAQ_Vigouros | 434.03 (759.24) | 1127.06 (1392.99) | 12.83 | <0.001 | 0.09 |
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Brytek-Matera, A.; Pardini, S.; Szubert, J.; Novara, C. Orthorexia Nervosa and Disordered Eating Attitudes, Self-Esteem and Physical Activity among Young Adults. Nutrients 2022, 14, 1289. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061289
Brytek-Matera A, Pardini S, Szubert J, Novara C. Orthorexia Nervosa and Disordered Eating Attitudes, Self-Esteem and Physical Activity among Young Adults. Nutrients. 2022; 14(6):1289. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061289
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrytek-Matera, Anna, Susanna Pardini, Joanna Szubert, and Caterina Novara. 2022. "Orthorexia Nervosa and Disordered Eating Attitudes, Self-Esteem and Physical Activity among Young Adults" Nutrients 14, no. 6: 1289. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061289