Analysis of the Consumption of Sports Supplements in Open Water Swimmers According to the Competitive Level
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Type of Study
2.2. Participants and Sample Size
2.3. Instruments
2.4. Procedure
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Competition Level | Sex | Age (Years) | Height (cm) * | Weight (kg) * | BMI (kg·m−2) * | Experience (Years) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
National (n = 67) | Men (n = 67) | 44.13 ± 12.20 | 178.46 ± 5.69 | 80.46 ± 10.79 | 25.22 ± 2.8 | 5.93 ± 2.99 |
Regional (n = 65) | Men (n = 36) | 43.28 ± 14.30 | 179.61 ± 6.00 | 81.07 ± 13.77 | 25.09 ± 3.93 | 5.75 ± 2.99 |
Women ** (n = 29) | 40.52 ± 12.42 | 165.97 ± 6.81 | 62.34 ± 8.72 | 22.62 ± 2.77 | 5.69 ± 3.17 |
Group | Subcategory | Total Sample | National Level | Regional Level |
---|---|---|---|---|
Group A | Sport foods | 1.90 ± 1.41 | 2.07 ± 1.47 | 1.72 ± 1.34 |
Medical supplements | 1.24 ± 1.48 | 1.46 ± 1.70 | 1.02 ± 1.19 | |
Sport performance * | 0.70 ± 0.97 | 0.88 ± 1.14 | 0.51 ± 0.73 | |
Group B | 0.45 ± 0.76 | 0.48 ± 0.68 | 0.42 ± 0.85 | |
Group C | 1.88 ± 2.61 | 2.31 ± 2.95 | 1.43 ± 2.14 |
Group | Subcategory | Supplement | Total Sample | National Level | Regional Level | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group A | Sport foods | Sport drinks | 62.9% | 68.7% | 56.9% | 0.208 |
Energy bars | 53.0% | 56.7% | 49.2% | 0.486 | ||
Electrolytes | 16.7% | 16.4% | 16.9% | 1.00 | ||
Whey protein | 15.9% | 11.9% | 20.0% | 0.240 | ||
Gainers | 10.6% | 10.4% | 10.8% | 1.000 | ||
Medical supplements | Vitamin D | 22.7% | 22.4% | 23.1% | 1.000 | |
Vitamin complex | 18.9% | 19.4% | 18.5% | 1.000 | ||
Sport performance * | Caffeine | 39.4% | 46.3% | 32.3% | 0.112 | |
Creatine Monohydrate | 12.9% | 13.4% | 12.3% | 1.000 | ||
Group B | Vitamin C | 25.0% | 26.9% | 23.1% | 0.690 | |
Carnitine | 12.1% | 16.4% | 7.7% | 0.182 | ||
Magnesium | 22.0% | 25.4% | 18.5% | 0.403 | ||
Vitamin E | 11.4% | 16.4% | 6.2% | 0.098 | ||
Group C | BCAA * | 19.7% | 26.9% | 12.3% | 0.048 | |
Glutamine | 15.9% | 17.9% | 13.8% | 0.636 | ||
Green tea | 11.4% | 13.4% | 9.2% | 0.585 | ||
Royal jelly | 10.6% | 10.4% | 10.8% | 1.000 | ||
Taurine * | 10.6% | 17.9% | 3.1% | 0.009 |
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Jiménez-Alfageme, R.; Domínguez, R.; Sanchez-Oliver, A.J.; Tapia-Castillo, P.; Martínez-Sanz, J.M.; Sospedra, I. Analysis of the Consumption of Sports Supplements in Open Water Swimmers According to the Competitive Level. Nutrients 2022, 14, 5211. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245211
Jiménez-Alfageme R, Domínguez R, Sanchez-Oliver AJ, Tapia-Castillo P, Martínez-Sanz JM, Sospedra I. Analysis of the Consumption of Sports Supplements in Open Water Swimmers According to the Competitive Level. Nutrients. 2022; 14(24):5211. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245211
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiménez-Alfageme, Rubén, Raúl Domínguez, Antonio Jesús Sanchez-Oliver, Paola Tapia-Castillo, José Miguel Martínez-Sanz, and Isabel Sospedra. 2022. "Analysis of the Consumption of Sports Supplements in Open Water Swimmers According to the Competitive Level" Nutrients 14, no. 24: 5211. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245211