Longitudinal Association of Telomere Dynamics with Obesity and Metabolic Disorders in Young Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Clinical Examination
2.3. Assessment and Interventions
2.4. Assays and Scores
2.5. BMI Score and BMI Profiles
2.6. LTL Measurements by Southern Blot
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Participants and Classification According to BMI Profiles
3.2. LTL Dynamics in the Three BMI Profiles
3.3. Association between LTL Dynamics and Obesity Indicators
3.4. Association between LTL Dynamics and Metabolic Disorders
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All | Profile 1 | Profile 2 | Profile 3 | One Way ANOVA p | Trend p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 73 | 12 | 48 | 13 | ||
Females (%) | 66% | 58% | 75% | 38% # | 0.04 | 0.26 |
Age at baseline (years) | 7.6 ± 2.0 | 7.1 ± 2.2 | 7.7 ± 1.9 | 7.8 ± 2.0 | 0.64 | 0.38 |
Age at follow-up (years) | 10.3 ± 2.1 | 9.9 ± 2.3 | 10.4 ± 2.1 | 10.5 ± 1.9 | 0.74 | 0.47 |
Follow-up (years) | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 0.91 | 0.75 |
Baseline LTL (kb) | 8.58 ± 0.75 | 9.06 ± 0.74 | 8.46 ± 0.72 * | 8.61 ± 0.71 | 0.04 | 0.13 |
Follow-up LTL (kb) | 8.40 ± 0.78 | 8.85 ± 0.72 | 8.29 ± 0.78 | 8.41 ± 0.78 | 0.08 | 0.16 |
LTL attrition (bp/year) | 67 ± 69 | 83 ± 56 | 63 ± 70 | 69 ± 80 | 0.67 | 0.60 |
Baseline BMIc | 1.70 ± 1.13 | 0.00 | 2.13 ± 0.89 | 1.69 ± 0.95 | - | - |
Baseline glucose (mg/dl) | 78 ± 9 | 76 ± 7 | 78 ± 9 | 78 ± 13 | 0.78 | 0.63 |
Baseline insulin (µUI/mL) | 10.1 ± 5.6 | 6.5 ± 2.8 | 11.1 ± 5.6 * | 10.2 ± 6.5 | 0.049 | 0.09 |
Baseline HbA1c (%) | 5.22 ± 0.24 | 5.09 ± 0.34 | 5.24 ± 0.23 | 5.28 ± 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.06 |
Baseline waist (cm) | 72 ± 11 | 58 ± 8 | 74 ± 9 *** | 79 ± 9 *** | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Baseline hip (cm) | 78 ± 12 | 65 ± 10 | 79 ± 11 *** | 83 ± 10 *** | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Baseline waist/hip (%) | 93 ± 8 | 90 ± 5 | 93 ± 9 | 94 ± 7 | 0.24 | 0.17 |
Baseline fat percentage (%) | 31.5 ± 6.6 | 24.3 ± 4.6 | 33.3 ± 5.2 *** | 32.9 ± 8.2 ** | 0.0003 | 0.002 |
Mother diabetes mellitus during pregnancy | 23% | 10% | 27% | 20% | 0.51 | 0.60 |
Dependent Variable | Independent Variable | Regression Coefficient ± Standard Error | R2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
BMI score | LTL baseline (1 kb) | −0.29 ± 0.13 | 7.0% | 0.02 |
Age (1 year) | - | - | 0.18 | |
Female (yes) | - | - | 0.26 | |
Model | 7.0% | |||
Waist/hip score (%) | LTL baseline (1 kb) | −2.22 ± 0.77 | 9.8% | 0.005 |
Age (1 year) | −0.99 ± 0.29 | 13.8% | 0.001 | |
Female (yes) | - | - | 0.13 | |
Model | 18.3% | |||
Fat score (%) | LTL baseline (1 kb) | −2.60 ± 0.87 | 11.1% | 0.004 |
Age (1 year) | - | - | 0.62 | |
Female (yes) | 3.01 ± 1.34 | 6.2% | 0.03 | |
Model | 14.9% |
Dependent Variable | Independent Variable | Regression Coefficient ± Standard Error | R2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glucose score | LTL baseline (1 kb) | −2.68 ± 0.76 | 15.4% | 0.0007 |
Age (1 year) | - | - | 0.62 | |
Female (yes) | - | - | 0.71 | |
Model | 15.4% | |||
Insulin score | LTL baseline (1 kb) | - | - | 0.11 |
Age (1 year) | 1.17 ± 0.36 | 13.0% | 0.002 | |
Female (yes) | 3.16 ± 1.48 | 5.4% | 0.04 | |
Model | 17.9% | |||
Hb1Ac score | LTL baseline (1 kb) | −0.061 ± 0.033 | 4.7% | 0.07 |
Age (1 year) | - | - | 0.81 | |
Female (yes) | - | - | 0.59 | |
Model | 4.7% |
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Toupance, S.; Karampatsou, S.I.; Labat, C.; Genitsaridi, S.-M.; Tragomalou, A.; Kassari, P.; Soulis, G.; Hollander, A.; Charmandari, E.; Benetos, A. Longitudinal Association of Telomere Dynamics with Obesity and Metabolic Disorders in Young Children. Nutrients 2022, 14, 5191. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235191
Toupance S, Karampatsou SI, Labat C, Genitsaridi S-M, Tragomalou A, Kassari P, Soulis G, Hollander A, Charmandari E, Benetos A. Longitudinal Association of Telomere Dynamics with Obesity and Metabolic Disorders in Young Children. Nutrients. 2022; 14(23):5191. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235191
Chicago/Turabian StyleToupance, Simon, Sofia I. Karampatsou, Carlos Labat, Sofia-Maria Genitsaridi, Athanasia Tragomalou, Penio Kassari, George Soulis, Allyson Hollander, Evangelia Charmandari, and Athanase Benetos. 2022. "Longitudinal Association of Telomere Dynamics with Obesity and Metabolic Disorders in Young Children" Nutrients 14, no. 23: 5191. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235191