Neck Circumference for NAFLD Assessment during a 2-Year Nutritional Intervention: The FLiO Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. Variable Assessment
2.3. Imaging Techniques
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Time-Points | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Basal (n = 98) | 6 m (n = 76) | 12 m (n = 72) | 24 m (n = 58) | p-Mixed Model |
Anthropometric variables | |||||
Weight (kg) | 94.9 ± 13.9 | 85.4 ± 13.1 * | 86.8 ± 14.2 * | 89.4 ± 14.8 * | <0.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 33.4 ± 3.7 | 30.1 ± 3.8 * | 30.7 ± 4.3 * | 31.5 ± 4.8 * | <0.0001 |
Waist circ (cm) | 109.1 ± 8.8 | 99.7 ± 9.7 * | 96.9 ± 19.2 * | 105.0 ± 11.9 * | 0.001 |
Total body fat (kg) | 38.4 ± 8.6 | 31.1 ± 9.0 * | 32.2 ± 9.4 * | 34.6 ± 10.1 * | <0.0001 |
Visceral fat (kg) | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 0.7 * | 1.7 ± 1.0 * | 1.9 ± 1.0 * | <0.0001 |
Neck circ (cm) | 39.6 ± 3.7 | 38.0 ± 3.5 * | 38.2 ± 3.5 * | 39.4 ± 4.0 | 0.172 |
NHtR | 23.4 ± 1.8 | 22.6 ± 1.8 * | 22.8 ± 1.8 * | 23.4 ± 2.1 | 0.216 |
NWtR | 0.41 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.05 * | 0.44 ± 0.04 * | 0.44 ± 0.05 * | <0.0001 |
Biochemical variables | |||||
Glucose (mg/dL) | 103.2 ± 17.1 | 93.8 ± 12.6 * | 94.2 ± 17.6 * | 96.2 ± 19.4 * | <0.0001 |
Insulin (mU/L) | 17.3 ± 8.2 | 11.2 ± 7.2 * | 12.5 ± 7.2 * | 12.0 ± 0.9 * | <0.0001 |
HOMA-IR | 4.5 ± 2.4 | 2.6 ± 2.0 * | 3.1 ± 2.5 * | 3.0 ± 2.0 * | <0.0001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 191.1 ± 36.5 | 180.9 ± 41.9 * | 180.0 ± 34.1 * | 188.6 ± 41.7 | 0.299 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 129.8 ± 61.1 | 94.5 ± 50.6 * | 105.8 ± 46.9 * | 125.9 ± 79.0 | 0.240 |
HDL-c (mg/dL) | 51.8 ± 13.0 | 53.8 ± 12.8 * | 54.8 ± 13.2 * | 53.5 ± 13.6 | 0.237 |
LDL-c (mg/dL) | 113.2 ± 32.2 | 107.7 ± 36.0 | 104.2 ± 29.4 * | 109.9 ± 32.5 | 0.353 |
Hepatic variables | |||||
ALT (IU/L) | 33.2 ± 17.1 | 22.2 ± 8.8 * | 25.0 ± 12.0 * | 26.9 ± 15.1 * | 0.001 |
AST (IU/L) | 25.3 ± 10.1 | 21.7 ± 7.3 * | 22.9 ± 8.7 | 24.4 ± 7.7 | 0.577 |
GGT (IU/L) | 38.6 ± 28.6 | 27.3 ± 34.3 * | 28.4 ± 19.6 * | 29.4 ± 31.3 | 0.025 |
Hepatic fat (hist) (%) | 10.5 ± 6.3 | 5.8 ± 4.0 * | 6.7 ± 5.7 * | 7.5 ± 6.1 * | <0.0001 |
Hepatic fat (dix) (%) | 7.8 ± 8.2 | 3.2 ± 3.2 * | 5.3 ± 4.8 * | 5.7 ± 4.5 | 0.043 |
Hepatic volumen (cm3) | 1757.6 ± 399.9 | 1591.2 ± 318.5 * | 1620.2 ± 380.3 * | 1660.1 ± 493.4 * | <0.0001 |
Hepatic Fat Content (MRI-Dixon) | Hepatic Fat Content (MRI-Histo) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Combination Panels | Time-Point | Lroc | Sensitivity | Specificity | Time-Point | Lroc | Sensitivity | Specificity |
NC + ALT + HOMA-IR | Baseline | 0.79 | 63.6 | 74.5 | Baseline | 0.79 | 85 | 70.5 |
6 m | 0.79 | 28.5 | 98.4 | 6 m | 0.83 | 42.1 | 94.2 | |
12 m | 0.75 | 38.8 | 95.9 | 12 m | 0.79 | 47.3 | 95.9 | |
24 m | 0.85 | 56.2 | 95.0 | 24 m | 0.89 | 68.1 | 91.4 | |
NHtR + ALT + HOMA-IR | Baseline | 0.81 | 70.4 | 78.4 | Baseline | 0.81 | 83.3 | 61.7 |
6 m | 0.82 | 28.5 | 98.3 | 6 m | 0.87 | 52.6 | 94.2 | |
12 m | 0.78 | 61.1 | 95.9 | 12 m | 0.79 | 47.3 | 95.9 | |
24 m | 0.88 | 56.2 | 95.0 | 24 m | 0.90 | 68.1 | 88.5 | |
NWtR + ALT + HOMA-IR | Baseline | 0.79 | 95.9 | 80.3 | Baseline | 0.80 | 83.3 | 58.8 |
6 m | 0.79 | 28.5 | 100 | 6 m | 0.81 | 47.3 | 96.1 | |
12 m | 0.77 | 38.8 | 95.9 | 12m | 0.81 | 42.1 | 95.9 | |
24 m | 0.84 | 50.0 | 92.5 | 24 m | 0.88 | 59.1 | 88.5 |
Combination Panels | Steatosis Degree | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Time-Point | Lroc | Sensitivity | Specificity | |
NC + ALT + HOMA-IR | Baseline | 0.78 | 59.4 | 83.0 |
6 m | 0.70 | 83.3 | 29.1 | |
12 m | 0.74 | 79.0 | 57.1 | |
24 m | 0.95 | 84.3 | 84.6 | |
NHtR + ALT + HOMA-IR | Baseline | 0.78 | 59.4 | 83.0 |
6 m | 0.73 | 85.7 | 50.0 | |
12 m | 0.77 | 76.7 | 53.5 | |
24 m | 0.97 | 93.7 | 92.3 | |
NWtR + ALT + HOMA-IR | Baseline | 0.76 | 45.9 | 86.4 |
6 m | 0.71 | 80.9 | 29.1 | |
12 m | 0.75 | 76.7 | 57.1 | |
24 m | 0.95 | 81.2 | 84.6 |
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Elorz, M.; Benito-Boilos, A.; Marin, B.A.; Pérez Díaz del Campo, N.; Herrero, J.I.; Monreal, J.I.; Tur, J.A.; Martínez, J.A.; Zulet, M.A.; Abete, I. Neck Circumference for NAFLD Assessment during a 2-Year Nutritional Intervention: The FLiO Study. Nutrients 2022, 14, 5160. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235160
Elorz M, Benito-Boilos A, Marin BA, Pérez Díaz del Campo N, Herrero JI, Monreal JI, Tur JA, Martínez JA, Zulet MA, Abete I. Neck Circumference for NAFLD Assessment during a 2-Year Nutritional Intervention: The FLiO Study. Nutrients. 2022; 14(23):5160. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235160
Chicago/Turabian StyleElorz, Mariana, Alberto Benito-Boilos, Bertha Araceli Marin, Nuria Pérez Díaz del Campo, Jose Ignacio Herrero, Jose Ignacio Monreal, Josep A. Tur, J. Alfredo Martínez, Maria Angeles Zulet, and Itziar Abete. 2022. "Neck Circumference for NAFLD Assessment during a 2-Year Nutritional Intervention: The FLiO Study" Nutrients 14, no. 23: 5160. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235160