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Article

One-Carbon Metabolism Biomarkers and Risks of Incident Neurocognitive Disorder among Cognitively Normal Older Adults

by
Paulina Maria Przybycien-Gaweda
1,
Tih Shih Lee
2,
Wee Shiong Lim
3,
Mei Sian Chong
4,
Philip Yap
5,
Chin Yee Cheong
5,
Iris Rawtaer
6,
Tau Ming Liew
7,
Xinyi Gwee
1,
Qi Gao
8,
Keng Bee Yap
9 and
Tze Pin Ng
1,4,*
1
Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
2
Laboratory of Neurobehavioural Genomics, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
3
Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308433, Singapore
4
Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore 768024, Singapore
5
Department of Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 768828, Singapore
6
Department of Psychiatry, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore 544886, Singapore
7
Department of Psychiatry, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
8
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
9
Department of Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore 609606, Singapore
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2022, 14(17), 3535; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173535
Submission received: 2 August 2022 / Revised: 22 August 2022 / Accepted: 24 August 2022 / Published: 27 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Nutrition)
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Abstract

There is a lack of evidence supporting an association between folate and vitamin B12 exposure with cognitive outcomes. We examined serum folate and vitamin B12 and plasma homocysteine in 690 cognitively-normal adults (aged ≥ 55) from the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study (SLAS-2) followed-up over 4.5 years on incident neurocognitive disorder (NCD): mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. At follow-up, 5.7% (39) of participants developed NCD (34 MCI and 5 dementia). Comparing with those who remained cognitively-normal, participants progressed to NCD had significantly lower mean baseline vitamin B12 (420 [SD ± 221] vs. 510 [SD ± 290] pmol/L, p = 0.026), higher homocysteine (14.6 [SD ± 4.2] vs. 12.9 [SD ± 4.3], p = 0.018) and lower one-carbon index (Z-scores: −0.444 [SD ± 0.819] vs. −0.001 [SD ± 0.990], p = 0.006). Adjusted for confounders, significant associations with incident NCD were found for lower vitamin B12 (per-SD OR = 2.10, 95%CI = 1.26–3.52), higher homocysteine (per-SD OR = 1.96, 95%CI = 1.18–3.24) and lower one-carbon index (per-SD OR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.06–2.64). Folate was not significantly associated with progression to NCD. Notably, low B12 in the presence of high folate was significantly associated with incident NCD (adjusted OR = 3.81, 95%CI = 1.04–13.9). Low B12, high homocysteine, low B12 in the presence of high folate, and a one-carbon index of hypo-methylation were independently associated with progression to NCD among cognitively normal.
Keywords: folate; B12; homocysteine; mild cognitive impairment; dementia folate; B12; homocysteine; mild cognitive impairment; dementia

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MDPI and ACS Style

Przybycien-Gaweda, P.M.; Lee, T.S.; Lim, W.S.; Chong, M.S.; Yap, P.; Cheong, C.Y.; Rawtaer, I.; Liew, T.M.; Gwee, X.; Gao, Q.; et al. One-Carbon Metabolism Biomarkers and Risks of Incident Neurocognitive Disorder among Cognitively Normal Older Adults. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3535. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173535

AMA Style

Przybycien-Gaweda PM, Lee TS, Lim WS, Chong MS, Yap P, Cheong CY, Rawtaer I, Liew TM, Gwee X, Gao Q, et al. One-Carbon Metabolism Biomarkers and Risks of Incident Neurocognitive Disorder among Cognitively Normal Older Adults. Nutrients. 2022; 14(17):3535. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173535

Chicago/Turabian Style

Przybycien-Gaweda, Paulina Maria, Tih Shih Lee, Wee Shiong Lim, Mei Sian Chong, Philip Yap, Chin Yee Cheong, Iris Rawtaer, Tau Ming Liew, Xinyi Gwee, Qi Gao, and et al. 2022. "One-Carbon Metabolism Biomarkers and Risks of Incident Neurocognitive Disorder among Cognitively Normal Older Adults" Nutrients 14, no. 17: 3535. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173535

APA Style

Przybycien-Gaweda, P. M., Lee, T. S., Lim, W. S., Chong, M. S., Yap, P., Cheong, C. Y., Rawtaer, I., Liew, T. M., Gwee, X., Gao, Q., Yap, K. B., & Ng, T. P. (2022). One-Carbon Metabolism Biomarkers and Risks of Incident Neurocognitive Disorder among Cognitively Normal Older Adults. Nutrients, 14(17), 3535. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173535

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