Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Parkinson’s Disease Cell Model through Abl Inhibition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture
2.2. Cell Viability Assay and Morphological Observation
2.3. Apoptosis Assay
2.4. Western Blot Assay
2.5. Measurement of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential
2.6. ROS Assay
2.7. ATP Assay
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. RA Restored Cell Viability and Morphology in Rotenone Challenged SH-SY5Y Cells
3.2. RA Reduced Cell Apoptosis Rate in Rotenone Challenged SH-SY5Y Cells
3.3. RA Suppressed Tau Phosphorylation and α-Synuclein Expression Elevated by Rotenone
3.4. RA Rescued Rotenone Induced P-Akt Reduction and Further Promoted the Phosphorylation of AMPK Thr172
3.5. RA and Nilotinib Reduced Abl Y412 and CrkII Y221 Phosphorylation Elevated by Rotenone and Restored SH-SY5Y Cell Viability under Rotenone Treatment
3.6. Abl Inhibition and RA Increased PGC-1α Expression, Akt, and AMPK Phosphorylation under Rotenone Exposure
3.7. Abl Inhibition Reduced Tau Phosphorylation and α-Synuclein Expression Level Elevated by Rotenone
3.8. Abl Inhibition and RA Suppressed Rotenone-Induced ROS Overproduction
3.9. Abl Inhibition and RA Restored Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and ATP Content in Rotenone Exposed SH-SY5Y Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Han, X.; Han, B.; Zhao, Y.; Li, G.; Wang, T.; He, J.; Du, W.; Cao, X.; Gan, J.; Wang, Z.; et al. Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Parkinson’s Disease Cell Model through Abl Inhibition. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3508. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173508
Han X, Han B, Zhao Y, Li G, Wang T, He J, Du W, Cao X, Gan J, Wang Z, et al. Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Parkinson’s Disease Cell Model through Abl Inhibition. Nutrients. 2022; 14(17):3508. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173508
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan, Xiao, Bing Han, Yue Zhao, Gang Li, Tian Wang, Jie He, Wenxiao Du, Xiaolin Cao, Jing Gan, Zhenhua Wang, and et al. 2022. "Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Parkinson’s Disease Cell Model through Abl Inhibition" Nutrients 14, no. 17: 3508. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173508