Adherence to the Western, Prudent and Mediterranean Dietary Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Findings from the Spanish Cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Cases Ascertainment and Follow-Up Period
2.3. Adherence to Dietary Patterns
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Western | Prudent | Mediterranean | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p a | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p a | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p a | |
n = 10,187 | n = 10,267 | n = 10,301 | n = 10,143 | n = 10,183 | n = 10,226 | n = 10,272 | n = 10,217 | n = 10,161 | n = 10,305 | n = 10,283 | n = 10,149 | ||||
Alcohol (gr/day) median (IQR) b | 1.60 (0.00; 11.04) | 4.75 (0.01; 22.22) | 7.36 (0.36; 29.50) | 10.28 (1.43; 34.22) | <0.001 | 3.84 (0.00; 23.77) | 6.29 (0.04; 28.46) | 5.46 (0.10; 23.22) | 5.70 (0.59; 20.90) | <0.001 | 1.34 (0.00; 10.94) | 3.59 (0.00; 17.09) | 6.44 (0.49; 25.89) | 14.97 (2.63; 40.52) | <0.001 |
Energy (Kcal/day) mean (sd) | 1625 (1335; 1988) | 1928 (1584; 2335) | 2124 (1784; 2536) | 2541 (2129; 3027) | <0.001 | 1830 (1478; 2264) | 2092 (1669; 2574) | 2067 (1657; 2572) | 2185 (1783; 2672) | <0.001 | 1587 (1297; 1952) | 1875 (1579; 2255) | 2122 (1797; 2526) | 2600 (2222; 3054) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) mean (sd) | 28.23 (25.61; 31.33) | 27.94 (25.46; 30.85) | 27.71 (25.22; 30.41) | 27.44 (24.98; 30.15) | <0.001 | 28.07 (25.46; 30.86) | 27.90 (25.37; 30.78) | 27.81 (25.30; 30.71) | 27.49 (25.09; 30.33) | <0.001 | 28.07 (25.35; 31.24) | 27.80 (25.19; 30.73) | 27.67 (25.22; 30.51) | 27.77 (25.48; 30.34) | <0.001 |
Age at recruitment (years) median (IQR) | 50.89 (44.44; 57.92) | 49.28 (43.26; 56.33) | 48.25 (42.55; 54.95) | 46.31 (41.60; 52.48) | <0.001 | 48.91 (42.84; 56.69) | 48.58 (42.91; 55.54) | 48.72 (42.67; 55.58) | 48.35 (42.66; 54.93) | <0.001 | 49.73 (42.97; 57.49) | 48.70 (42.52; 55.98) | 48.10 (42.54; 54.75) | 48.32 (43.11; 54.38) | <0.001 |
Colorectal Cancer | 0.140 | 0.229 | 0.107 | ||||||||||||
No | 10,067 (98.82%) | 10,120 (98.57%) | 10,141 (98.45%) | 10,002 (98.61%) | 10,021 (98.41%) | 10,087 (98.64%) | 10,141 (98.72%) | 10,081 (98.67%) | 10,019 (98.60%) | 10,178 (98.77%) | 10,148 (98.69%) | 9985 (98.38%) | |||
Yes | 120 (1.18%) | 147 (1.43%) | 160 (1.55%) | 141 (1.39%) | 162 (1.59%) | 139 (1.36%) | 131 (1.28%) | 136 (1.33%) | 142 (1.40%) | 127 (1.23%) | 135 (1.31%) | 164 (1.62%) | |||
Subtype | 0.535 | 0.842 | 0.216 | ||||||||||||
Proximal | 37 (0.36%) | 36 (0.35%) | 39 (0.38%) | 37 (0.36%) | 40 (0.39%) | 38 (0.37%) | 34 (0.33%) | 37 (0.36%) | 35 (0.34%) | 39 (0.38%) | 31 (0.30%) | 44 (0.43%) | |||
Distal | 43 (0.42%) | 54 (0.53%) | 62 (0.60%) | 46 (0.45%) | 58 (0.57%) | 49 (0.48%) | 49 (0.48%) | 49 (0.48%) | 55 (0.54%) | 44 (0.43%) | 54 (0.53%) | 52 (0.51%) | |||
Rectum | 37 (0.36%) | 48 (0.47%) | 51 (0.50%) | 47 (0.46%) | 54 (0.53%) | 42 (0.41%) | 44 (0.43%) | 43 (0.42%) | 40 (0.39%) | 39 (0.38%) | 46 (0.45%) | 58 (0.57%) | |||
Other colorectal tumours with location non-specified | 3 (0.03%) | 9 (0.09%) | 8 (0.08%) | 11 (0.11%) | 10 (0.10%) | 10 (0.10%) | 4 (0.04%) | 7 (0.07%) | 12 (0.12%) | 5 (0.05%) | 4 (0.04%) | 10 (0.10%) | |||
Sex n (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
Male | 2340 (22.97%) | 3589 (34.96%) | 4318 (41.92%) | 5121 (50.49%) | 3576 (35.12%) | 4203 (41.10%) | 3840 (37.38%) | 3749 (36.69%) | 2243 (22.07%) | 3175 (30.81%) | 4117 (40.04%) | 5833 (57.47%) | |||
Female | 7847 (77.03%) | 6678 (65.04%) | 5983 (58.08%) | 5022 (49.51%) | 6607 (64.88%) | 6023 (58.90%) | 6432 (62.62%) | 6468 (63.31%) | 7918 (77.93%) | 7130 (69.19%) | 6166 (59.96%) | 4316 (42.53%) | |||
Physical Activity n (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
Inactive | 1048 (10.29%) | 1378 (13.42%) | 1417 (13.76%) | 1561 (15.39%) | 1175 (11.54%) | 1345 (13.15%) | 1383 (13.46%) | 1501 (14.69%) | 1116 (10.98%) | 1260 (12.23%) | 1364 (13.26%) | 1664 (16.40%) | |||
Moderately inactive | 1785 (17.52%) | 2117 (20.62%) | 2185 (21.21%) | 2434 (24.00%) | 2064 (20.27%) | 2208 (21.59%) | 2107 (20.51%) | 2142 (20.97%) | 1911 (18.81%) | 2010 (19.51%) | 2108 (20.50%) | 2492 (24.55%) | |||
Moderately active | 6406 (62.88%) | 5902 (57.49%) | 5810 (56.40%) | 5303 (52.28%) | 6117 (60.07%) | 5863 (57.33%) | 5863 (57.08%) | 5578 (54.60%) | 6310 (62.10%) | 6162 (59.80%) | 5871 (57.09%) | 5078 (50.03%) | |||
Active | 948 (9.31%) | 870 (8.47%) | 889 (8.63%) | 845 (8.33%) | 827 (8.12%) | 810 (7.92%) | 919 (8.95%) | 996 (9.75%) | 824 (8.11%) | 873 (8.47%) | 940 (9.14%) | 915 (9.02%) | |||
Smoking n (%) | <0.001 | 0.000 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
Never Smoker | 6609 (64.88%) | 5855 (57.03%) | 5485 (53.25%) | 4764 (46.97%) | 5703 (56.01%) | 5619 (54.95%) | 5707 (55.56%) | 5684 (55.63%) | <0.001 | 6290 (61.90%) | 5970 (57.93%) | 5587 (54.33%) | 4866 (47.95%) | ||
Former Smoker | 1699 (16.68%) | 1806 (17.59%) | 1812 (17.59%) | 1905 (18.78%) | 1392 (13.67%) | 1713 (16.75%) | 1936 (18.85%) | 2181 (21.35%) | 1337 (13.16%) | 1643 (15.94%) | 1911 (18.58%) | 2331 (22.97%) | |||
Current Smoker | 1873 (18.39%) | 2601 (25.33%) | 2998 (29.10%) | 3469 (34.20%) | 3083 (30.28%) | 2888 (28.24%) | 2624 (25.55%) | 2346 (22.96%) | 2530 (24.90%) | 2688 (26.08%) | 2776 (27.00%) | 2947 (29.04%) | |||
Unknown | 6 (0.06%) | 5 (0.05%) | 6 (0.06%) | 5 (0.05%) | 5 (0.05%) | 6 (0.06%) | 5 (0.05%) | 6 (0.06%) | 4 (0.04%) | 4 (0.04%) | 9 (0.09%) | 5 (0.05%) | |||
Education n (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
No formal Education | 4028 (39.54%) | 3613 (35.19%) | 3404 (33.05%) | 3026 (29.83%) | 3985 (39.13%) | 3528 (34.50%) | 3446 (33.55%) | 3112 (30.46%) | 4060 (39.96%) | 3714 (36.04%) | 3339 (32.47%) | 2958 (29.15%) | |||
Primary School | 3727 (36.59%) | 3898 (37.97%) | 4042 (39.24%) | 4155 (40.96%) | 4054 (39.81%) | 4136 (40.45%) | 3986 (38.80%) | 3646 (35.69%) | 3838 (37.77%) | 3829 (37.16%) | 4126 (40.12%) | 4029 (39.70%) | |||
Secondary/Technical School | 1267 (12.44%) | 1530 (14.90%) | 1553 (15.08%) | 1658 (16.35%) | 1290 (12.67%) | 1447 (14.15%) | 1531 (14.90%) | 1740 (17.03%) | 1222 (12.03%) | 1540 (14.94%) | 1523 (14.81%) | 1723 (16.98%) | |||
University or more | 1101 (10.81%) | 1157 (11.27%) | 1230 (11.94%) | 1232 (12.15%) | 780 (7.66%) | 1037 (10.14%) | 1234 (12.01%) | 1669 (16.34%) | 984 (9.68%) | 1157 (11.23%) | 1215 (11.82%) | 1364 (13.44%) | |||
Unknown | 64 (0.63%) | 69 (0.67%) | 72 (0.70%) | 72 (0.71%) | 74 (0.73%) | 78 (0.76%) | 75 (0.73%) | 50 (0.49%) | 57 (0.56%) | 65 (0.63%) | 80 (0.78%) | 75 (0.74%) | |||
Previous history of CRC n (%) | 0.131 | 0.003 | 0.867 | ||||||||||||
No | 9460 (92.86%) | 9584 (93.35%) | 9641 (93.59%) | 9500 (93.66%) | 9580 (94.08%) | 9559 (93.48%) | 9550 (92.97%) | 9496 (92.94%) | 9504 (93.53%) | 9619 (93.34%) | 9611 (93.46%) | 9451 (93.12%) | |||
Mother/Father | 565 (5.55%) | 537 (5.23%) | 528 (5.13%) | 499 (4.92%) | 458 (4.50%) | 522 (5.10%) | 564 (5.49%) | 585 (5.73%) | 514 (5.06%) | 543 (5.27%) | 521 (5.07%) | 551 (5.43%) | |||
Siblings | 122 (1.20%) | 111 (1.08%) | 92 (0.89%) | 97 (0.96%) | 98 (0.96%) | 109 (1.07%) | 116 (1.13%) | 99 (0.97%) | 100 (0.98%) | 104 (1.01%) | 111 (1.08%) | 107 (1.05%) | |||
Unknown | 40 (0.39%) | 35 (0.34%) | 40 (0.39%) | 47 (0.46%) | 47 (0.46%) | 36 (0.35%) | 42 (0.41%) | 37 (0.36%) | 43 (0.42%) | 39 (0.38%) | 40 (0.39%) | 40 (0.39%) |
Full Follow-Up (>1 year) n = 40,898 | Full Follow-Up (>1 year) n = 40,192 | 1–10 Years Follow-Up n = 40,192 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person/Years | Number of Events | HR a,b | (95%CI) | Person/Years | Number of Events | HR a,c | (95%CI) | Person/Years | Number of Events | HR a,d | (95%CI) | ||||
LL | UL | LL | UL | LL | UL | ||||||||||
661,313 | 568 | 650,165 | 551 | 351,736 | 211 | ||||||||||
WESTERN | |||||||||||||||
Quartiles | |||||||||||||||
Q1 | 164,274 | 120 | 1 | 161,552 | 117 | 1 | 87,484 | 45 | 1 | ||||||
Q2 | 166,314 | 147 | 1.30 | 1.02 | 1.66 | 163,356 | 145 | 1.24 | 0.95 | 1.60 | 88,111 | 56 | 1.28 | 0.85 | 1.91 |
Q3 | 166,147 | 160 | 1.47 | 1.16 | 1.87 | 163,148 | 151 | 1.29 | 0.98 | 1.71 | 88,449 | 53 | 1.24 | 0.81 | 1.89 |
Q4 | 164,578 | 141 | 1.51 | 1.18 | 1.93 | 162,108 | 138 | 1.28 | 0.94 | 1.73 | 87,691 | 57 | 1.53 | 0.99 | 2.36 |
p-trend | 0.001 | 0.143 | 0.087 | ||||||||||||
1SD-increase | 1.15 | 1.05 | 1.25 | 1.06 | 0.95 | 1.18 | 1.17 | 0.99 | 1.37 | ||||||
PRUDENT | |||||||||||||||
Quartiles | |||||||||||||||
Q1 | 160,590 | 162 | 1 | 15,7643 | 158 | 1 | 87,125 | 67 | 1 | ||||||
Q2 | 165,016 | 139 | 0.84 | 0.67 | 1.06 | 16,2226 | 132 | 0.80 | 0.63 | 1.01 | 88,070 | 40 | 0.58 | 0.39 | 0.86 |
Q3 | 167,603 | 131 | 0.79 | 0.62 | 1.00 | 16,4622 | 128 | 0.80 | 0.63 | 1.02 | 88,475 | 49 | 0.73 | 0.50 | 1.07 |
Q4 | 168,103 | 136 | 0.83 | 0.65 | 1.05 | 16,5675 | 133 | 0.87 | 0.67 | 1.13 | 88,066 | 55 | 0.85 | 0.57 | 1.25 |
p-trend | 0.092 | 0.297 | 0.547 | ||||||||||||
1SD-increase | 0.92 | 0.85 | 1.01 | 0.94 | 0.85 | 1.04 | 0.94 | 0.81 | 1.09 | ||||||
MEDITERRANEAN | |||||||||||||||
Quartiles | |||||||||||||||
Q1 | 161,982 | 142 | 1 | 159,681 | 140 | 1 | 87,295 | 59 | 1 | ||||||
Q2 | 166,675 | 127 | 0.91 | 0.71 | 1.15 | 164,219 | 125 | 0.82 | 0.64 | 1.05 | 88,971 | 51 | 0.81 | 0.55 | 1.18 |
Q3 | 167,169 | 135 | 0.98 | 0.77 | 1.24 | 164,108 | 129 | 0.80 | 0.62 | 1.04 | 88,406 | 45 | 0.69 | 0.46 | 1.02 |
Q4 | 165,485 | 164 | 1.19 | 0.94 | 1.50 | 162,158 | 157 | 0.86 | 0.66 | 1.14 | 87,063 | 56 | 0.78 | 0.52 | 1.16 |
p-trend | 0.107 | 0.315 | 0.165 | ||||||||||||
1SD-increase | 1.05 | 0.96 | 1.14 | 0.91 | 0.82 | 1.01 | 0.84 | 0.73 | 0.98 |
Full Follow-Up (>1 year) | 1–10 Years Follow-Up | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male n = 15,096 | Female n = 25,096 | Male n = 15,096 | Female n = 25,096 | |||||||||||||||||||
Person/Years | Number of Events | HR a,b | (95%CI) | Person/Years | Number of Events | HR a,b | (95%CI) | p-int (Sex) | Person/Years | Number of Events | HR a,c | (95%CI) | Person/Years | Number of Events | HR a,c | (95%CI) | p-int (Sex) | |||||
LL | UL | LL | UL | LL | UL | LL | UL | |||||||||||||||
238,874 | 324 | 411,291 | 227 | 130,848 | 109 | 220,888 | 102 | |||||||||||||||
WESTERN | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Quartiles | 0.177 | 0.005 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Q1 | 35,894 | 56 | 1 | 125,658 | 61 | 1 | 19,721 | 21 | 1 | 67,763 | 24 | 1 | ||||||||||
Q2 | 55,480 | 72 | 0.94 | 0.66 | 1.35 | 107,877 | 73 | 1.59 | 1.12 | 2.26 | 30,332 | 22 | 0.80 | 0.43 | 1.46 | 57,780 | 34 | 1.98 | 1.16 | 3.36 | ||
Q3 | 67,137 | 100 | 1.13 | 0.79 | 1.61 | 96,012 | 51 | 1.39 | 0.94 | 2.07 | 36,833 | 29 | 0.94 | 0.53 | 1.68 | 51,615 | 24 | 1.78 | 0.99 | 3.20 | ||
Q4 | 80,364 | 96 | 1.05 | 0.73 | 1.53 | 81,744 | 42 | 1.55 | 1.01 | 2.38 | 43,961 | 37 | 1.27 | 0.72 | 2.24 | 43,730 | 20 | 2.16 | 1.16 | 4.02 | ||
p-trend | 0.571 | 0.068 | 0.262 | 0.021 | ||||||||||||||||||
1SD-increase | 1.01 | 0.88 | 1.15 | 1.12 | 0.97 | 1.30 | 0.227 | 1.15 | 0.92 | 1.43 | 1.31 | 1.06 | 1.61 | 0.001 | ||||||||
PRUDENT | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Quartiles | 0.666 | 0.080 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Q1 | 53,559 | 84 | 1 | 104,084 | 74 | 1 | 30,208 | 32 | 1.00 | 56,917 | 35 | 1 | ||||||||||
Q2 | 65,259 | 84 | 0.86 | 0.63 | 1.17 | 96,967 | 48 | 0.72 | 0.50 | 1.04 | 35,879 | 21 | 0.58 | 0.34 | 1.01 | 52,191 | 19 | 0.61 | 0.35 | 1.07 | ||
Q3 | 60,548 | 76 | 0.86 | 0.63 | 1.18 | 104,074 | 52 | 0.73 | 0.51 | 1.05 | 32,837 | 25 | 0.78 | 0.46 | 1.32 | 55,638 | 24 | 0.70 | 0.41 | 1.19 | ||
Q4 | 59,508 | 80 | 0.99 | 0.71 | 1.37 | 106,166 | 53 | 0.73 | 0.50 | 1.07 | 31,924 | 31 | 1.03 | 0.62 | 1.73 | 56,142 | 24 | 0.68 | 0.39 | 1.18 | ||
p-trend | 0.922 | 0.108 | 0.711 | 0.200 | ||||||||||||||||||
1SD-increase | 0.97 | 0.86 | 1.10 | 0.89 | 0.78 | 1.03 | 0.328 | 1.01 | 0.82 | 1.24 | 0.88 | 0.72 | 1.07 | 0.007 | ||||||||
MEDITERRANEAN | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Quartiles | 0.505 | 0.013 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Q1 | 33,594 | 53 | 1 | 126,087 | 87 | 1 | 18,897 | 24 | 1 | 68,398 | 35 | 1 | ||||||||||
Q2 | 49,202 | 72 | 0.93 | 0.65 | 1.33 | 115,017 | 53 | 0.72 | 0.51 | 1.02 | 27,113 | 23 | 0.68 | 0.38 | 1.21 | 61,858 | 28 | 0.96 | 0.58 | 1.59 | ||
Q3 | 64,411 | 76 | 0.77 | 0.54 | 1.11 | 99,697 | 53 | 0.88 | 0.62 | 1.25 | 35,111 | 23 | 0.55 | 0.31 | 0.98 | 53,296 | 22 | 0.95 | 0.55 | 1.63 | ||
Q4 | 91,667 | 123 | 0.90 | 0.63 | 1.28 | 70,491 | 34 | 0.83 | 0.54 | 1.27 | 49,727 | 39 | 0.70 | 0.41 | 1.19 | 37,336 | 17 | 1.13 | 0.62 | 2.08 | ||
p-trend | 0.486 | 0.404 | 0.230 | 0.811 | ||||||||||||||||||
1SD-increase | 0.91 | 0.80 | 1.03 | 0.91 | 0.79 | 1.05 | 0.952 | 0.80 | 0.65 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.80 | 1.22 | 0.006 |
Full Follow-Up (>1 year) a | 1–10 Years Follow-Up a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proximal | Distal | Rectum | Proximal | Distal | Rectum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
n = 39,784 | n = 39,839 | n = 39,821 | n = 39,784 | n = 39,839 | n = 39,821 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Person/Years | Number of Events | HR b,c | (95%CI) | Person/Years | Number of Events | HR b,c | (95%CI) | Person/Years | Number of Events | HR b,c | (95%CI) | Person/Years | Number of Events | HR b,d | (95%CI) | Person/Years | Number of Events | HR b,d | (95%CI) | Person/Years | Number of Events | HR b,d | (95%CI) | |||||||
LL | UL | LL | UL | LL | UL | LL | UL | LL | UL | LL | UL | |||||||||||||||||||
646,116 | 143 | 646,676 | 198 | 646,429 | 180 | 348,663 | 53 | 349,070 | 73 | 348,905 | 69 | |||||||||||||||||||
WESTERN | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quartiles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Q1 | 160,768 | 36 | 1 | 160,807 | 41 | 1 | 160,771 | 37 | 1 | 86,874 | 16 | 1 | 86,902 | 16 | 1 | 86,892 | 12 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Q2 | 162,315 | 35 | 0.99 | 0.60 | 1.62 | 162,455 | 53 | 1.25 | 0.81 | 1.93 | 162,449 | 48 | 1.31 | 0.83 | 2.07 | 87,329 | 12 | 0.77 | 0.36 | 1.67 | 87,432 | 22 | 1.57 | 0.81 | 3.05 | 87,407 | 18 | 1.61 | 0.76 | 3.41 |
Q3 | 161,907 | 35 | 1.01 | 0.59 | 1.74 | 162,205 | 60 | 1.39 | 0.88 | 2.20 | 162,062 | 48 | 1.29 | 0.79 | 2.12 | 87,532 | 14 | 1.02 | 0.47 | 2.22 | 87,749 | 19 | 1.44 | 0.70 | 2.93 | 87,641 | 16 | 1.46 | 0.66 | 3.25 |
Q4 | 161,126 | 37 | 1.17 | 0.65 | 2.08 | 161,208 | 44 | 1.03 | 0.61 | 1.73 | 161,148 | 47 | 1.40 | 0.82 | 2.39 | 86,928 | 11 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 2.35 | 86,988 | 16 | 1.46 | 0.68 | 3.15 | 86,966 | 23 | 2.41 | 1.10 | 5.30 |
p-trend | 0.595 | 0.897 | 0.277 | 0.858 | 0.439 | 0.046 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1SD-increase | 1.02 | 0.82 | 1.28 | 1.03 | 0.86 | 1.24 | 1.05 | 0.86 | 1.28 | 1.02 | 0.74 | 1.40 | 1.17 | 0.9 | 1.53 | 1.38 | 1.03 | 1.84 | ||||||||||||
PRUDENT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quartiles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Q1 | 156,521 | 39 | 1 | 156,643 | 56 | 1 | 156,627 | 53 | 1 | 86,242 | 14 | 1 | 86,364 | 27 | 1 | 86,330 | 21 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Q2 | 161,139 | 35 | 0.85 | 0.53 | 1.35 | 161,339 | 47 | 0.79 | 0.53 | 1.17 | 161,241 | 41 | 0.74 | 0.49 | 1.12 | 87,296 | 13 | 0.87 | 0.40 | 1.87 | 87,407 | 11 | 0.42 | 0.21 | 0.85 | 87,349 | 13 | 0.6 | 0.30 | 1.21 |
Q3 | 163,685 | 32 | 0.77 | 0.47 | 1.26 | 163,843 | 48 | 0.82 | 0.55 | 1.23 | 163,754 | 44 | 0.87 | 0.57 | 1.33 | 87,748 | 11 | 0.68 | 0.30 | 1.55 | 87,881 | 16 | 0.63 | 0.33 | 1.19 | 87,823 | 19 | 0.97 | 0.51 | 1.84 |
Q4 | 164,771 | 37 | 0.88 | 0.52 | 1.48 | 164,851 | 47 | 0.82 | 0.53 | 1.28 | 164,807 | 42 | 0.91 | 0.58 | 1.45 | 87,376 | 15 | 0.84 | 0.38 | 1.86 | 87,418 | 19 | 0.78 | 0.41 | 1.49 | 87,404 | 16 | 0.86 | 0.42 | 1.73 |
p-trend | 0.562 | 0.429 | 0.821 | 0.583 | 0.529 | 0.943 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1SD-increase | 1.02 | 0.84 | 1.24 | 0.89 | 0.75 | 1.05 | 0.98 | 0.82 | 1.17 | 1.01 | 0.75 | 1.36 | 0.89 | 0.69 | 1.15 | 0.98 | 0.75 | 1.27 | ||||||||||||
MEDITERRANEAN | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quartiles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Q1 | 158,715 | 34 | 1 | 158,892 | 54 | 1 | 158,742 | 40 | 1 | 86,544 | 15 | 1 | 86,674 | 22 | 1 | 86,563 | 15 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Q2 | 163,388 | 38 | 1.03 | 0.64 | 1.66 | 163,387 | 43 | 0.72 | 0.48 | 1.08 | 163,343 | 39 | 0.91 | 0.58 | 1.42 | 88,331 | 11 | 0.69 | 0.32 | 1.53 | 88,338 | 20 | 0.93 | 0.50 | 1.72 | 88,308 | 18 | 1.16 | 0.58 | 2.33 |
Q3 | 163,069 | 30 | 0.79 | 0.47 | 1.33 | 163,273 | 51 | 0.78 | 0.52 | 1.18 | 163,253 | 45 | 1.00 | 0.63 | 1.57 | 87,627 | 9 | 0.56 | 0.24 | 1.31 | 87,795 | 20 | 0.96 | 0.51 | 1.81 | 87,762 | 14 | 0.88 | 0.41 | 1.88 |
Q4 | 160,944 | 41 | 0.99 | 0.58 | 1.72 | 161,124 | 50 | 0.66 | 0.41 | 1.04 | 161,090 | 56 | 1.13 | 0.69 | 1.84 | 86,161 | 18 | 1.15 | 0.53 | 2.48 | 86,264 | 11 | 0.51 | 0.23 | 1.13 | 86,273 | 22 | 1.31 | 0.63 | 2.74 |
p-trend | 0.744 | 0.121 | 0.543 | 0.805 | 0.157 | 0.62 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1SD-increase | 0.99 | 0.81 | 1.22 | 0.86 | 0.73 | 1.02 | 0.96 | 0.80 | 1.15 | 1.05 | 0.76 | 1.44 | 0.81 | 0.63 | 1.03 | 0.98 | 0.75 | 1.29 |
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Castelló, A.; Rodríguez-Barranco, M.; Fernández de Larrea, N.; Jakszyn, P.; Dorronsoro, A.; Amiano, P.; Chirlaque, M.-D.; Colorado-Yohar, S.; Guevara, M.; Moreno-Iribas, C.; et al. Adherence to the Western, Prudent and Mediterranean Dietary Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Findings from the Spanish Cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain). Nutrients 2022, 14, 3085. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153085
Castelló A, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Fernández de Larrea N, Jakszyn P, Dorronsoro A, Amiano P, Chirlaque M-D, Colorado-Yohar S, Guevara M, Moreno-Iribas C, et al. Adherence to the Western, Prudent and Mediterranean Dietary Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Findings from the Spanish Cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain). Nutrients. 2022; 14(15):3085. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153085
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastelló, Adela, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Nerea Fernández de Larrea, Paula Jakszyn, Ane Dorronsoro, Pilar Amiano, María-Dolores Chirlaque, Sandra Colorado-Yohar, Marcela Guevara, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, and et al. 2022. "Adherence to the Western, Prudent and Mediterranean Dietary Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Findings from the Spanish Cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain)" Nutrients 14, no. 15: 3085. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153085