Effects of a 2-Week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Recovery of Symptoms in Patients with Mild to Moderate Covid-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Sabico, Shaun; Enani, Mushira A.; Sheshah, Eman; Aljohani, Naji J.; Aldisi, Dara A.; Alotaibi, Naif H.; Alshingetti, Naemah; Alomar, Suliman Y.; Alnaami, Abdullah M.; Amer, Osama E.; Hussain, Syed D.; Al-Daghri, Nasser M.

doi:10.3390/nu13072170

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Effects of a 2-Week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Recovery of Symptoms in Patients with Mild to Moderate Covid-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

Infectious Diseases Section, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 59046, Saudi Arabia

Diabetes Care Center, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh 12769, Saudi Arabia

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Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 59046, Saudi Arabia

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Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

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Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia

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Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia

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Doping Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editors: William B. Grant and Ronan Lordan

Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2170; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072170

Received: 27 May 2021 / Revised: 15 June 2021 / Accepted: 21 June 2021 / Published: 24 June 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventing the Adverse Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 through Diet, Supplements and Lifestyle)

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Abstract

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 severity. This multi-center randomized clinical trial aims to determine the effects of 5000 IU versus 1000 IU daily oral vitamin D3 supplementation in the recovery of symptoms and other clinical parameters among mild to moderate COVID-19 patients with sub-optimal vitamin D status. Study Design and Setting: A total of 69 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) SARS-CoV-2 positive adults who were hospitalized for mild to moderate COVID-19 disease were allocated to receive once daily for 2 weeks either 5000 IU oral vitamin D3 (n = 36, 21 males; 15 females) or 1000 IU oral vitamin D3 (standard control) (n = 33, 13 males; 20 females). Anthropometrics were measured and blood samples were taken pre- and post-supplementation. Fasting blood glucose, lipids, serum 25(OH)D, and inflammatory markers were measured. COVID-19 symptoms were noted on admission and monitored until full recovery. Results: Vitamin D supplementation for 2 weeks caused a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D levels in the 5000 IU group only (adjusted p = 0.003). Within-group comparisons also showed a significant decrease in BMI and IL-6 levels overtime in both groups (p-values < 0.05) but was not clinically significant in between-group comparisons. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that the 5000 IU group had a significantly shorter time to recovery (days) than the 1000 IU group in resolving cough, even after adjusting for age, sex, baseline BMI, and D-dimer (6.2 ± 0.8 versus 9.1 ± 0.8; p = 0.039), and ageusia (loss of taste) (11.4 ± 1.0 versus 16.9 ± 1.7; p = 0.035). Conclusion: A 5000 IU daily oral vitamin D3 supplementation for 2 weeks reduces the time to recovery for cough and gustatory sensory loss among patients with sub-optimal vitamin D status and mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms. The use of 5000 IU vitamin D3 as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 patients with suboptimal vitamin D status, even for a short duration, is recommended. View Full-Text

Keywords: COVID-19; vitamin D; clinical trial; saudi; vitamin D insufficiency

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Sabico, S.; Enani, M.A.; Sheshah, E.; Aljohani, N.J.; Aldisi, D.A.; Alotaibi, N.H.; Alshingetti, N.; Alomar, S.Y.; Alnaami, A.M.; Amer, O.E.; Hussain, S.D.; Al-Daghri, N.M. Effects of a 2-Week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Recovery of Symptoms in Patients with Mild to Moderate Covid-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2170. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072170

AMA Style

Sabico S, Enani MA, Sheshah E, Aljohani NJ, Aldisi DA, Alotaibi NH, Alshingetti N, Alomar SY, Alnaami AM, Amer OE, Hussain SD, Al-Daghri NM. Effects of a 2-Week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Recovery of Symptoms in Patients with Mild to Moderate Covid-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2021; 13(7):2170. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072170

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabico, Shaun, Mushira A. Enani, Eman Sheshah, Naji J. Aljohani, Dara A. Aldisi, Naif H. Alotaibi, Naemah Alshingetti, Suliman Y. Alomar, Abdullah M. Alnaami, Osama E. Amer, Syed D. Hussain, and Nasser M. Al-Daghri 2021. "Effects of a 2-Week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Recovery of Symptoms in Patients with Mild to Moderate Covid-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial" Nutrients 13, no. 7: 2170. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072170

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Effects of a 2-Week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Recovery of Symptoms in Patients with Mild to Moderate Covid-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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