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Article

Prenatal Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Supplementation and Newborn Anthropometry in India: Findings from DHANI

by
Shweta Khandelwal
1,2,*,
Dimple Kondal
1,2,
Monica Chaudhry
1,
Kamal Patil
3,
Mallaiah Kenchaveeraiah Swamy
3,
Gangubai Pujeri
3,
Swati Babu Mane
3,
Yashaswi Kudachi
3,
Ruby Gupta
1,2,
Usha Ramakrishnan
4,
Aryeh D. Stein
4,
Dorairaj Prabhakaran
1,2 and
Nikhil Tandon
5
1
Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram 122003, India
2
Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi 110016, India
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KAHER’s J. N. Medical College, Belagavi 590010, India
4
Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
5
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110016, India
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2021, 13(3), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030730
Submission received: 10 January 2021 / Revised: 16 February 2021 / Accepted: 17 February 2021 / Published: 25 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maternal DHA Impact on Child Neurodevelopment)
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Abstract

Long-chain omega-3 fatty acid status during pregnancy may influence newborn anthropometry and duration of gestation. Evidence from high-quality trials from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial among 957 pregnant women (singleton gestation, 14–20 weeks’ gestation at enrollment) in India to test the effectiveness of 400 mg/day algal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) compared to placebo provided from enrollment through delivery. Among 3379 women who were screened, 1171 were found eligible; 957 were enrolled and were randomized. The intervention was two microencapsulated algal DHA (200 × 2 = 400 mg/day) or two microencapsulated soy and corn oil placebo tablets to be consumed daily from enrollment (≤20 weeks) through delivery. The primary outcome was newborn anthropometry (birth weight, length, head circumference). Secondary outcomes were gestational age and 1 and 5 min Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) score. The groups (DHA; n = 478 and placebo; n = 479) were well balanced at baseline. There were 902 live births. Compliance with the intervention was similar across groups (DHA: 88.5%; placebo: 87.1%). There were no significant differences between DHA and placebo groups for birth weight (2750.6 ± 421.5 vs. 2768.2 ± 436.6 g, p = 0.54), length (47.3 ± 2.0 vs. 47.5 ± 2.0 cm, p = 0.13), or head circumference (33.7 ± 1.4 vs. 33.8 ± 1.4 cm, p = 0.15). The mean gestational age at delivery was similar between groups (DHA: 38.8 ± 1.7 placebo: 38.8 ± 1.7 wk, p = 0.54) as were APGAR scores at 1 and 5 min. Supplementing mothers through pregnancy with 400 mg/day DHA did not impact the offspring‘s birthweight, length, or head circumference.
Keywords: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); long chain omega-3 fatty acids; maternal supplementation; pregnancy outcomes; anthropometry; birth weight; birth length; head circumference docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); long chain omega-3 fatty acids; maternal supplementation; pregnancy outcomes; anthropometry; birth weight; birth length; head circumference

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MDPI and ACS Style

Khandelwal, S.; Kondal, D.; Chaudhry, M.; Patil, K.; Swamy, M.K.; Pujeri, G.; Mane, S.B.; Kudachi, Y.; Gupta, R.; Ramakrishnan, U.; et al. Prenatal Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Supplementation and Newborn Anthropometry in India: Findings from DHANI. Nutrients 2021, 13, 730. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030730

AMA Style

Khandelwal S, Kondal D, Chaudhry M, Patil K, Swamy MK, Pujeri G, Mane SB, Kudachi Y, Gupta R, Ramakrishnan U, et al. Prenatal Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Supplementation and Newborn Anthropometry in India: Findings from DHANI. Nutrients. 2021; 13(3):730. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030730

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khandelwal, Shweta, Dimple Kondal, Monica Chaudhry, Kamal Patil, Mallaiah Kenchaveeraiah Swamy, Gangubai Pujeri, Swati Babu Mane, Yashaswi Kudachi, Ruby Gupta, Usha Ramakrishnan, and et al. 2021. "Prenatal Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Supplementation and Newborn Anthropometry in India: Findings from DHANI" Nutrients 13, no. 3: 730. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030730

APA Style

Khandelwal, S., Kondal, D., Chaudhry, M., Patil, K., Swamy, M. K., Pujeri, G., Mane, S. B., Kudachi, Y., Gupta, R., Ramakrishnan, U., Stein, A. D., Prabhakaran, D., & Tandon, N. (2021). Prenatal Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Supplementation and Newborn Anthropometry in India: Findings from DHANI. Nutrients, 13(3), 730. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030730

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