Gut Microbiome-Based Analysis of Lipid A Biosynthesis in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An In Silico Evaluation
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Ruggiero Francavilla
Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 688; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020688
Received: 18 January 2021
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Revised: 14 February 2021
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Accepted: 18 February 2021
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Published: 21 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Nutrition)
The link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the gut microbiome has received much attention, with special focus on gut–brain-axis immunological imbalances. Gastrointestinal problems are one of the major symptoms of ASD and are thought to be related to immune dysregulation. Therefore, in silico analysis was performed on mined data from 36 individuals with ASD and 21 control subjects, with an emphasis on lipid A endotoxin-producing bacteria and their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) metabolic pathways. Analysis of enzyme distribution among the 15 most abundant genera in both groups revealed that almost all these genera utilized five early-stage enzymes responsible for catalyzing the nine conserved lipid A synthesis steps. However, Haemophilus and Escherichia, which were significantly more abundant in individuals with ASD than in the control subjects, possess a complete set of essential lipid A synthesis enzymes. Furthermore, the 10 genera with the greatest increase in individuals with ASD showed high potential for producing late-stage lipid A products. Collectively, these results suggested that the synthesis rate of immunogenic LPS end products is likely to increase in individuals with ASD, which may be related to their gastrointestinal symptoms and elevated inflammatory conditions.
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Keywords:
autism spectrum disorder; gut microbiome; Gram-negative bacteria; LPS biosynthesis; in silico analysis
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MDPI and ACS Style
Maigoro, A.Y.; Lee, S. Gut Microbiome-Based Analysis of Lipid A Biosynthesis in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An In Silico Evaluation. Nutrients 2021, 13, 688. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020688
AMA Style
Maigoro AY, Lee S. Gut Microbiome-Based Analysis of Lipid A Biosynthesis in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An In Silico Evaluation. Nutrients. 2021; 13(2):688. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020688
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaigoro, Abdulkadir Yusif, and Soojin Lee. 2021. "Gut Microbiome-Based Analysis of Lipid A Biosynthesis in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An In Silico Evaluation" Nutrients 13, no. 2: 688. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020688
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