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Nutrients
Volume 13
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10.3390/nu13103304
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Article

Course and Survival of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities in Relation to the Trace Element Status at Hospital Admission

by
Gijs Du Laing
1,*,
Mirko Petrovic
2,
Carl Lachat
3,
Marthe De Boevre
4,
Georg J. Klingenberg
5,
Qian Sun
5,
Sarah De Saeger
4,
Jozefien De Clercq
2,
Louis Ide
6,
Linos Vandekerckhove
2 and
Lutz Schomburg
5
1
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
2
Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium
3
Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
4
Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium
5
Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Hessische Straße 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
6
Laboratory Medicine, AZ Jan Palfijn AV, Watersportlaan 5, 9000 Gent, Belgium
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3304; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103304
Submission received: 27 August 2021 / Revised: 16 September 2021 / Accepted: 20 September 2021 / Published: 22 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Micronutrients and Human Health)
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Abstract

Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are essential trace elements needed for appropriate immune system responses, cell signalling and anti-viral defence. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at two hospitals in Ghent, Belgium, to investigate whether Se and/or Zn deficiency upon hospital admission correlates to disease severity and mortality risk in COVID-19 patients with or without co-morbidities. Trace element concentrations along with additional biomarkers were determined in serum or plasma and associated to disease severity and outcome. An insufficient Se and/or Zn status upon hospital admission was associated with a higher mortality rate and a more severe disease course in the entire study group, especially in the senior population. In comparison to healthy European adults, the patients displayed strongly depressed total Se (mean ± SD: 59.2 ± 20.6 vs. 84.4 ± 23.4 µg L−1) and SELENOP (mean ± SD: 2.2 ± 1.9 vs. 4.3 ± 1.0 mg L−1) concentrations at hospital admission. Particularly strong associations were observed for death risk of cancer, diabetes and chronic cardiac disease patients with low Se status, and of diabetes and obese patients with Zn deficiency. A composite biomarker based on serum or plasma Se, SELENOP and Zn at hospital admission proved to be a reliable tool to predict severe COVID-19 course and death, or mild disease course. We conclude that trace element assessment at hospital admission may contribute to a better stratification of patients with COVID-19 and other similar infectious diseases, support clinical care, therapeutic interventions and adjuvant supplementation needs, and may prove of particular relevance for patients with relevant comorbidities.
Keywords: micronutrient; nutrition; biomarker; diabetes; cancer micronutrient; nutrition; biomarker; diabetes; cancer

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MDPI and ACS Style

Du Laing, G.; Petrovic, M.; Lachat, C.; De Boevre, M.; Klingenberg, G.J.; Sun, Q.; De Saeger, S.; De Clercq, J.; Ide, L.; Vandekerckhove, L.; et al. Course and Survival of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities in Relation to the Trace Element Status at Hospital Admission. Nutrients 2021, 13, 3304. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103304

AMA Style

Du Laing G, Petrovic M, Lachat C, De Boevre M, Klingenberg GJ, Sun Q, De Saeger S, De Clercq J, Ide L, Vandekerckhove L, et al. Course and Survival of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities in Relation to the Trace Element Status at Hospital Admission. Nutrients. 2021; 13(10):3304. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103304

Chicago/Turabian Style

Du Laing, Gijs, Mirko Petrovic, Carl Lachat, Marthe De Boevre, Georg J. Klingenberg, Qian Sun, Sarah De Saeger, Jozefien De Clercq, Louis Ide, Linos Vandekerckhove, and et al. 2021. "Course and Survival of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities in Relation to the Trace Element Status at Hospital Admission" Nutrients 13, no. 10: 3304. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103304

APA Style

Du Laing, G., Petrovic, M., Lachat, C., De Boevre, M., Klingenberg, G. J., Sun, Q., De Saeger, S., De Clercq, J., Ide, L., Vandekerckhove, L., & Schomburg, L. (2021). Course and Survival of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities in Relation to the Trace Element Status at Hospital Admission. Nutrients, 13(10), 3304. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103304

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