Effects of Different Doses of Caffeinated Coffee on Muscular Endurance, Cognitive Performance, and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Caffeine Naive Female Athletes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Strength (1 RM) and Muscular Endurance Test Protocol
2.4. Caffeinated Coffee Protocol
2.5. Heart Rate Variability
2.6. Cognitive Function
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Strength (1 RM) Performance during Familiarization Sessions
3.2. Muscular Endurance Performance
3.3. HRV
3.4. Cognitive Performance
3.5. Lactate, Glucose, Heart Rate, Pain Perception, Arousal
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Test | Retest | p | ICC |
---|---|---|---|---|
Squat (kg) | 91.2 ± 7.4 (87.3–94.9) | 92.0 ± 7.1 (88.3–95.7) | 0.26 | 0.95 (0.86–0.98) |
Bench Press (kg) | 63.5 ± 6.7 (60.0–66.9) | 64.5 ± 8.3 (60.2–68.8) | 0.23 | 0.94 (0.85–0.98) |
Pre Coffee | Post Coffee | Post Test | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | 95% CI | M | SD | 95% CI | M | SD | 95% CI | |
SDNN | |||||||||
PLA | 75.2 | 33.7 | 57.8–92.6 | 81.5 | 29.1 | 66.5–96.5 | 26.1 | 15.3 | 18.2–33.9 |
3COF | 78.5 | 41.8 | 57.0–100.0 | 76.1 | 35.7 | 57.7–94.4 | 25.5 | 12.2 | 19.2–31.8 |
6COF | 80.9 | 44.2 | 58.2–103.6 | 82.5 | 36.1 | 63.9–101.1 | 23.5 | 19.3 | 13.6–33.5 |
SDSD | |||||||||
PLA | 109.3 | 66.8 | 74.9–143.7 | 106.3 | 60.2 | 75.3–137.3 | 19.2 | 14.5 | 11.7–26.6 |
3COF | 118.8 | 84.4 | 75.4–162.2 | 107.1 | 66.3 | 73.0–141.3 | 20.1 | 9.9 | 15.0–25.2 |
6COF | 122.9 | 86.3 | 78.5–167.3 | 119.1 | 76.1 | 80.0–158.3 | 20.2 | 13.1 | 13.5–27.0 |
RMSSD | |||||||||
PLA | 86.4 | 53.1 | 59.0–113.7 | 82.9 | 46.9 | 58.8 -107.0 | 20.0 | 13.8 | 12.9–27.1 |
3COF | 93.0 | 66.7 | 58.7–127.3 | 86.9 | 54.6 | 58.8–115.0 | 17.9 | 13.6 | 10.9–24.9 |
6COF | 96.0 | 67.6 | 61.2–130.8 | 94.1 | 59.1 | 63.7–124.5 | 19.8 | 13.8 | 12.6–26.9 |
TP | |||||||||
PLA | 2227.9 | 1549.2 | 1931.3–3524.4 | 2244.4 | 1268.3 | 1592.3–2896.5 | 243.5 | 138.1 | 172.5–314.5 |
3COF | 2922.7 | 1637.2 | 2080.9–3764.5 | 2090.4 | 1278.6 | 1433.0–2747.8 | 251.1 | 105.2 | 196.9–305.2 |
6COF | 2961.5 | 1404.4 | 2239.4–3683.6 | 2246.2 | 853.6 | 1807.3–2685.1 | 278.1 | 189.1 | 180.9–375.4 |
LF | |||||||||
PLA | 932.7 | 437.0 | 708.0–1157.4 | 688.5 | 379.0 | 493.6–883.4 | 116.9 | 104.0 | 63.4–170.4 |
3COF | 977.0 | 499.2 | 720.3–1233.6 | 739.3 | 464.1 | 500.7–977.9 | 124.0 | 77.4 | 84.2–163.8 |
6COF | 1082.7 | 669.4 | 738.5–1426.9 | 759.8 | 413.8 | 547.1–972.6 | 126.6 | 112.5 | 68.8–184.4 |
HF | |||||||||
PLA | 1637.5 | 1412.6 | 911.2–2363.8 | 1125.1 | 765.4 | 731.6–1518.7 | 89.4 | 50.0 | 63.6–115.1 |
3COF | 1684.9 | 1291.4 | 1020.9–2348.9 | 1296.1 | 876.9 | 845.2–1747.0 | 98.9 | 51.8 | 72.3–125.5 |
6COF | 1547.7 | 894.3 | 1087.8–2007.5 | 1318.7 | 737.6 | 939.4–1697.9 | 82.8 | 65.9 | 48.9–116.7 |
LF/HF | |||||||||
PLA | 0.91 | 0.65 | 0.57–1.25 | 1.31 | 1.15 | 0.72–1.91 | 5.75 | 1.91 | 4.76–6.74 |
3COF | 1.23 | 0.65 | 0.89–1.57 | 1.07 | 0.99 | 0.56–1.58 | 5.55 | 1.82 | 4.61–6.49 |
6COF | 0.94 | 0.40 | 0.74–1.15 | 0.86 | 0.63 | 0.53–1.18 | 5.46 | 2.44 | 4.21–6.72 |
HFnu | |||||||||
PLA | 57.8 | 17.6 | 48.7–66.9 | 57.0 | 21.3 | 46.0–68.0 | 21.8 | 17.7 | 12.7–30.9 |
3COF | 53.3 | 20.6 | 42.7–63.9 | 59.5 | 20.2 | 49.0–69.9 | 29.2 | 13.1 | 22.5–36.0 |
6COF | 54.9 | 14.7 | 47.4–62.5 | 58.7 | 21.1 | 47.8–62.5 | 25.9 | 17.4 | 16.9–34.8 |
LFnu | |||||||||
PLA | 39.9 | 17.4 | 31.0–48.9 | 39.3 | 20.1 | 28.9–49.7 | 74.0 | 16.5 | 65.4–82.5 |
3COF | 44.7 | 20.4 | 34.2–55.2 | 40.3 | 22.3 | 28.8–51.8 | 61.6 | 20.9 | 50.8–72.4 |
6COF | 44.1 | 13.4 | 37.2–51.0 | 47.9 | 31.9 | 31.5–64.4 | 73.6 | 17.9 | 64.4–82.8 |
Pre Coffee | Post Coffee | Post Test | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | 95% CI | M | SD | 95% CI | M | SD | 95% CI | |
Response Accuracy (%)—Congruent Task | |||||||||
PLA | 94.1 | 2.7 | 92.7–95.5 | 94.2 | 2.9 | 92.7–95.7 | 93.4 | 2.3 | 92.2–94.6 |
3COF | 94.5 | 2.4 | 93.2–95.7 | 94.2 | 2.7 | 92.8–95.6 | 93.7 | 2.6 | 92.3–95.0 |
6COF | 94.5 | 2.5 | 93.2–95.8 | 95.2 | 2.4 | 94.0–96.5 | 94.1 | 2.8 | 92.6–95.6 |
Response Accuracy (%)—Incongruent Task | |||||||||
PLA | 92.2 | 2.27 | 91.0–93.4 | 92.7 | 2.8 | 91.2–94.1 | 92.2 | 2.7 | 90.8–93.6 |
3COF | 92.3 | 2.4 | 91.0–93.6 | 92.0 | 2.1 | 90.9–93.1 | 93.3 | 2.2 | 92.2–94.5 |
6COF | 91.1 | 2.0 | 90.1–92.2 | 91.8 | 2.6 | 90.5–93.2 | 93.1 | 2.7 | 91.6–94.5 |
Reaction Time (ms)—Congruent Task | |||||||||
PLA | 481.2 | 41.1 | 460.1–502.4 | 466.9 | 38.4 | 447.2–486.7 | 486.8 | 42.5 | 465.0–508.7 |
3COF | 482.4 | 43.6 | 459.9–504.9 | 462.9 | 47.6 | 438.3–487.4 | 459.6 | 51.6 | 433.0–486.2 |
6COF | 480.2 | 42.6 | 458.3–502.2 | 439.9 | 54.2 | 412.0–467.8 | 436.3 | 44.4 | 413.4–459.1 |
Reaction Time (ms)—Incongruent Task | |||||||||
PLA | 528.8 | 44.0 | 506.2–551.4 | 513.5 | 37.8 | 494.1–533.0 | 520.2 | 39.0 | 500.1–540.3 |
3COF | 530.7 | 39.0 | 510.6–550.7 | 482.5 | 46.2 | 458.7–506.2 | 482.3 | 57.1 | 452.9–511.7 |
6COF | 539.1 | 39.6 | 518.7–559.5 | 469.4 | 45.1 | 446.2–492.6 | 475.7 | 62.6 | 443.4–507.9 |
PLA | 3COF | 6COF | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | 95% CI | M | SD | 95% CI | M | SD | 95% CI | |
Lactate | |||||||||
PreCof | 1.16 | 0.22 | 1.05–1.28 | 1.19 | 0.19 | 1.09–1.29 | 1.30 | 0.21 | 1.19–1.41 |
PostCof | 1.22 | 0.24 | 1.09–1.35 | 1.13 | 0.21 | 1.02–1.25 | 1.21 | 0.18 | 1.11–1.31 |
PostSqu | 7.31 | 1.78 | 6.36–8.27 | 7.85 | 1.70 | 6.94–8.76 | 7.91 | 1.52 | 7.09–8.72 |
PostBch | 7.89 | 1.65 | 7.01–8.77 | 8.77 | 1.97 | 7.72–9.82 | 8.98 | 2.17 | 7.82–10.14 |
Glucose | |||||||||
PreCof | 87.52 | 8.20 | 83.30–91.75 | 90.35 | 7.50 | 86.49–94.21 | 89.17 | 6.01 | 86.08–92.26 |
PostCof | 90.29 | 9.20 | 85.56–95.02 | 91.23 | 9.09 | 86.56–95.91 | 83.64 | 7.38 | 79.85–87.44 |
PostSqu | 88.58 | 7.90 | 84.52–92.65 | 89.47 | 9.80 | 84.42–94.51 | 87.58 | 6.71 | 84.13–91.04 |
PostBch | 90.29 | 7.53 | 86.41–94.17 | 92.47 | 9.50 | 87.58–97.35 | 90.35 | 10.82 | 84.78–95.92 |
Heart Rate | |||||||||
PreCof | 65.94 | 6.84 | 62.42–69.45 | 65.52 | 4.96 | 62.97–68.08 | 66.23 | 4.69 | 63.82–68.65 |
PostCof | 64.29 | 5.87 | 61.27–67.31 | 66.94 | 6.49 | 63.60–70.28 | 64.76 | 5.81 | 61.77–67.75 |
PostSqu | 163.47 | 10.35 | 158.14–168.79 | 164.11 | 10.43 | 158.75- 169.48 | 163.58 | 12.19 | 157.32–169.85 |
PostBch | 164.64 | 11.52 | 158.72–170.57 | 165.88 | 11.70 | 159.86–171.90 | 164.47 | 10.85 | 158.88–170.05 |
Pain Perception | |||||||||
PostSqu | 8.23 | 1.09 | 7.64–8.79 | 8.05 | 0.89 | 7.59–8.52 | 7.29 | 1.26 | 6.64–7.94 |
PostBch | 6.76 | 2.04 | 5.71–7.81 | 6.58 | 2.12 | 5.49–7.68 | 6.94 | 1.47 | 6.18–7.70 |
Felt Arousal | |||||||||
PreSqu | 1.64 | 0.70 | 1.28–2.00 | 1.58 | 0.87 | 1.27–1.90 | 1.47 | 0.62 | 1.15–1.79 |
PreBch | 2.52 | 1.06 | 1.98–3.07 | 3.47 | 0.62 | 3.02–3.92 | 3.64 | 1.11 | 3.07–4.22 |
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Karayigit, R.; Naderi, A.; Akca, F.; Cruz, C.J.G.d.; Sarshin, A.; Yasli, B.C.; Ersoz, G.; Kaviani, M. Effects of Different Doses of Caffeinated Coffee on Muscular Endurance, Cognitive Performance, and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Caffeine Naive Female Athletes. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010002
Karayigit R, Naderi A, Akca F, Cruz CJGd, Sarshin A, Yasli BC, Ersoz G, Kaviani M. Effects of Different Doses of Caffeinated Coffee on Muscular Endurance, Cognitive Performance, and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Caffeine Naive Female Athletes. Nutrients. 2021; 13(1):2. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010002
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarayigit, Raci, Alireza Naderi, Firat Akca, Carlos Janssen Gomes da Cruz, Amir Sarshin, Burak Caglar Yasli, Gulfem Ersoz, and Mojtaba Kaviani. 2021. "Effects of Different Doses of Caffeinated Coffee on Muscular Endurance, Cognitive Performance, and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Caffeine Naive Female Athletes" Nutrients 13, no. 1: 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010002