The Role of Diet in the Pathogenesis and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review
1
St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
2
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, SW 2010, Australia
3
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2021, 13(1), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010135
Received: 9 December 2020
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Revised: 21 December 2020
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Accepted: 29 December 2020
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Published: 31 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Gut Immunity)
Inflammatory bowel diseases, which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that are increasing in prevalence and incidence globally. They are associated with significant morbidity, reduced quality of life to individual sufferers and are an increasing burden on society through direct and indirect costs. Current treatment strategies rely on immunosuppression, which, while effective, is associated with adverse events. Epidemiological evidence suggests that diet impacts the risk of developing IBD and modulates disease activity. Using diet as a therapeutic option is attractive to patients and clinicians alike due to its availability, low cost and few side effects. Diet may influence IBD risk and disease behaviour through several mechanisms. Firstly, some components of the diet influence microbiota structure and function with downstream effects on immune activity. Secondly, dietary components act to alter the structure and permeability of the mucosal barrier, and lastly dietary elements may have direct interactions with components of the immune response. This review will summarise the mechanisms of diet–microbial–immune system interaction, outline key studies examining associations between diet and IBD and evidence demonstrating the impact of diet on disease control. Finally, this review will outline current prescribed dietary therapies for active CD.
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Keywords:
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); Crohn’s disease (CD); ulcerative colitis (UC); diet; macronutrients; gut microbiome; gut epithelium; gut immunity
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MDPI and ACS Style
Wark, G.; Samocha-Bonet, D.; Ghaly, S.; Danta, M. The Role of Diet in the Pathogenesis and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2021, 13, 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010135
AMA Style
Wark G, Samocha-Bonet D, Ghaly S, Danta M. The Role of Diet in the Pathogenesis and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review. Nutrients. 2021; 13(1):135. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010135
Chicago/Turabian StyleWark, Gabrielle, Dorit Samocha-Bonet, Simon Ghaly, and Mark Danta. 2021. "The Role of Diet in the Pathogenesis and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review" Nutrients 13, no. 1: 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010135
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