Maternal Supplementation of Food Ingredient (Prebiotic) or Food Contaminant (Mycotoxin) Influences Mucosal Immune System in Piglets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals, Diets and Experimental Design
2.2. Immune Cell Dissociation from Jejunum and Ileum
2.3. Flow Cytometry Analysis
2.4. Explant Cultures
2.5. Determination of Cytokine Concentration
2.6. RNA Extraction and Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) Analysis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sow Diet. Prebiotic Supplementation or Mycotoxin Contamination on Sow Performance during Gestation and Lactation
3.2. Sow Diet. Prebiotic Supplementation or Mycotoxin Contamination Differentially Influenced Piglet Performance
3.3. Sow Diet. Prebiotic Supplementation Changed Gene Expression and Cytokine Patterns of Unstimulated il-PP Explants
3.4. Sow Diet. Prebiotic Supplementation Changed Gene Expression and Cytokine Patterns of il-PP Explants Stimulated with TLR-ligands
3.5. Sow Diet. Mycotoxin Contamination (DON) and Neonate Mycotoxin Gavage (DONgav) Modified jej-LP Cell Numbers and the Proportion of Resident APC
3.6. Sow Diet. Mycotoxin Contamination (DON) and Neonate Mycotoxin Gavage (DONgav) Changed Some Gene Expression of both Unstimulated and Stimulated jej-LP Explants
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ferret-Bernard, S.; Le Normand, L.; Romé, V.; Le Bourgot, C.; Seeboth, J.; Savary, G.; Laurent, F.; Le Huërou-Luron, I.; Guzylack-Piriou, L. Maternal Supplementation of Food Ingredient (Prebiotic) or Food Contaminant (Mycotoxin) Influences Mucosal Immune System in Piglets. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2115. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072115
Ferret-Bernard S, Le Normand L, Romé V, Le Bourgot C, Seeboth J, Savary G, Laurent F, Le Huërou-Luron I, Guzylack-Piriou L. Maternal Supplementation of Food Ingredient (Prebiotic) or Food Contaminant (Mycotoxin) Influences Mucosal Immune System in Piglets. Nutrients. 2020; 12(7):2115. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072115
Chicago/Turabian StyleFerret-Bernard, Stéphanie, Laurence Le Normand, Véronique Romé, Cindy Le Bourgot, Julie Seeboth, Gérard Savary, Fabrice Laurent, Isabelle Le Huërou-Luron, and Laurence Guzylack-Piriou. 2020. "Maternal Supplementation of Food Ingredient (Prebiotic) or Food Contaminant (Mycotoxin) Influences Mucosal Immune System in Piglets" Nutrients 12, no. 7: 2115. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072115