Profiles of Polyphenol Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in 60,586 Women Followed for 20 Years: Results from the E3N Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population and Follow-Up
2.2. Polyphenol Intake
2.3. Ascertainment of Type 2 Diabetes
2.4. Covariables
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethical Approval
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Clusters of Polyphenol Subclasses Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Risk
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosed during the Follow-Up | |||
---|---|---|---|
Overall (N = 60,586) | No (N = 57,846) | Yes (N = 2740) | |
Age at baseline (years) | 52.69 (6.62) | 52.62 (6.62) | 54.11 (6.62) |
Educational level (%) | |||
Undergraduate or less | 6044 (9.98) | 5675 (9.81) | 369 (13.47) |
Graduate | 31,512 (52.01) | 29,971 (51.81) | 1541 (56.24) |
Postgraduate or more | 23,030 (38.01) | 22,200 (38.38) | 830 (30.29) |
Physical activity (MET-h/week) | 49.24 (49.88) | 49.26 (49.83) | 48.81 (51.04) |
Smoking status (%) | |||
Current | 8295 (13.69) | 7867 (13.60) | 428 (15.62) |
Former | 20,256 (33.43) | 19,391 (33.52) | 865 (31.57) |
Never | 32,035 (52.88) | 30,588 (52.88) | 1447 (52.81) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.88 (3.23) | 22.70 (3.04) | 26.55 (4.58) |
Hypertension (%) | 30,974 (51.12) | 28,937 (50.02) | 2037 (74.34) |
Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 4273 (7.05) | 3870 (6.69) | 403 (14.71) |
Family history of diabetes (%) | 6821 (11.26) | 6194 (10.71) | 627 (22.88) |
Alcohol consumption (g/day) | 11.64 (13.85) | 11.61 (13.76) | 12.16 (15.53) |
Coffee intake (ml/day) | 200.81 (148.26) | 200.89 (148.01) | 199.12 (153.51) |
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Laouali, N.; Berrandou, T.; A. Rothwell, J.; Shah, S.; El Fatouhi, D.; Romana Mancini, F.; Boutron-Ruault, M.-C.; Fagherazzi, G. Profiles of Polyphenol Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in 60,586 Women Followed for 20 Years: Results from the E3N Cohort Study. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1934. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071934
Laouali N, Berrandou T, A. Rothwell J, Shah S, El Fatouhi D, Romana Mancini F, Boutron-Ruault M-C, Fagherazzi G. Profiles of Polyphenol Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in 60,586 Women Followed for 20 Years: Results from the E3N Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2020; 12(7):1934. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071934
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaouali, Nasser, Takiy Berrandou, Joseph A. Rothwell, Sanam Shah, Douae El Fatouhi, Francesca Romana Mancini, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, and Guy Fagherazzi. 2020. "Profiles of Polyphenol Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in 60,586 Women Followed for 20 Years: Results from the E3N Cohort Study" Nutrients 12, no. 7: 1934. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071934