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Volume 12
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10.3390/nu12041073
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Article

First-degree Relatives of Celiac Disease Patients Have Increased Seroreactivity to Serum Microbial Markers

by
Liisa Viitasalo
1,2,
Sari Iltanen
1,3,
Heini Huhtala
4,
Päivi Saavalainen
5,
Katri Kaukinen
6,7,
Katri Lindfors
6 and
Kalle Kurppa
1,8,*
1
Centre for Child Health Research and Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland
2
Laboratory of Genetics, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
3
Lapland Central Hospital, FI-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland
4
Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
5
Research Program Unit, Immunobiology, and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
6
Celiac Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
7
Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland
8
Department of Pediatrics, Seinäjoki University Hospital and the University Consortium of Seinäjoki, FI-60320 Seinäjoki, Finland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2020, 12(4), 1073; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041073
Submission received: 23 March 2020 / Revised: 2 April 2020 / Accepted: 8 April 2020 / Published: 13 April 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gluten Related Disorders: Coeliac Disease and Beyond)
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Abstract

Risk of celiac disease (CD) is increased in relatives of CD patients due to genetic and possible environmental factors. We recently reported increased seropositivity to anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA), Pseudomonas fluorescens-associated sequence (anti-I2) and Bacteroides caccae TonB-linked outer membrane protein (anti-OmpW) antibodies in CD. We hypothesized these markers also to be overrepresented in relatives. Seropositivity and levels of ASCA, anti-I2 and anti-OmpW were compared between 463 first-degree relatives, 58 untreated and 55 treated CD patients, and 80 controls. CD-associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haplotypes and transglutaminase (tTGab) and endomysium (EmA) antibodies were determined. One or more of the microbial antibodies was present in 75% of relatives, 97% of untreated and 87% of treated CD patients and 44% of the controls. The relatives had higher median ASCA IgA (9.13 vs. 4.50 U/mL, p < 0.001), ASCA IgG (8.91 vs. 5.75 U/mL, p < 0.001) and anti-I2 (absorbance 0.74 vs. 0.32, p < 0.001) levels than controls. There was a weak, positive correlation between tTGab and ASCA (r = 0.31, p < 0.001). Seropositivity was not significantly associated with HLA. To conclude, seropositivity to microbial markers was more common and ASCA and anti-I2 levels higher in relatives of CD patients than controls. These findings were not associated with HLA, suggesting the role of other genetic and environmental factors.
Keywords: celiac disease; relatives; microbiota; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Bacteroides caccae celiac disease; relatives; microbiota; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Bacteroides caccae

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MDPI and ACS Style

Viitasalo, L.; Iltanen, S.; Huhtala, H.; Saavalainen, P.; Kaukinen, K.; Lindfors, K.; Kurppa, K. First-degree Relatives of Celiac Disease Patients Have Increased Seroreactivity to Serum Microbial Markers. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041073

AMA Style

Viitasalo L, Iltanen S, Huhtala H, Saavalainen P, Kaukinen K, Lindfors K, Kurppa K. First-degree Relatives of Celiac Disease Patients Have Increased Seroreactivity to Serum Microbial Markers. Nutrients. 2020; 12(4):1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041073

Chicago/Turabian Style

Viitasalo, Liisa, Sari Iltanen, Heini Huhtala, Päivi Saavalainen, Katri Kaukinen, Katri Lindfors, and Kalle Kurppa. 2020. "First-degree Relatives of Celiac Disease Patients Have Increased Seroreactivity to Serum Microbial Markers" Nutrients 12, no. 4: 1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041073

APA Style

Viitasalo, L., Iltanen, S., Huhtala, H., Saavalainen, P., Kaukinen, K., Lindfors, K., & Kurppa, K. (2020). First-degree Relatives of Celiac Disease Patients Have Increased Seroreactivity to Serum Microbial Markers. Nutrients, 12(4), 1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041073

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