An Exploratory Analysis of Changes in Mental Wellbeing Following Curcumin and Fish Oil Supplementation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Study Procedures
2.2.1. Mood States
2.2.2. Subjective Memory Complaints
2.2.3. General Health Perception (Quality of Life)
2.2.4. APOE4 Analysis
2.3. Investigational Product and Intervention
- FO group: active fish oil capsules (Blackmores Omega Brain™: 400 mg EPA and 2000 mg DHA/day) with placebo curcumin capsules (maltodextrin with yellow food colouring);
- CUR group: active curcumin capsules (Blackmores Brain Active™: 800 mg Longvida® containing 160 mg curcumin/day) with placebo fish oil capsules (mix of corn and olive oil with 20 mg of fish oil to match odour);
- FO + CUR group: active fish oil and active curcumin capsules;
- PL group: placebo fish oil and placebo curcumin capsules.
2.4. Statistical Analysis
- Fish oil (FO and FO + CUR group) vs. no fish oil (CUR and PL group);
- Curcumin (CUR and FO + CUR group) vs. no curcumin (FO and PL group).
3. Results
3.1. Participant Disposition and Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Effects of Treatment on Mental Wellbeing Measures
3.3. Effects of Treatment on Quality of Life
3.4. Influence of APOE4 Status
3.5. Subanalysis in APOE4 Non-Carriers
4. Discussion
4.1. Curcumin Supplementation
4.2. Effects of Fish oil Supplementation Influenced by APOE4 Status
4.3. Combination of Fish Oil and Curcumin
4.4. Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | PL (n = 36) | FO (n = 39) | CUR (n = 38) | FO + CUR (n = 39) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (female %) | 50 | 56 | 55 | 56 |
Age (years) | 65.4 ± 1.3 | 65.4 ± 1.2 | 65.4 ± 1.2 | 66.2 ± 1.3 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 31.0 ± 0.7 | 31.0 ± 0.7 | 30.5 ± 0.7 | 30.9 ± 0.6 |
Depressive symptoms (%) | 13.4 ± 1.9 | 14.0 ± 1.7 | 17.0 ± 2.1 | 15.4 ± 2.4 |
Mood states (POMS) | ||||
Tension (%) | 16.0 ± 2.2 | 16.8 ± 2.2 | 23.1 ± 2.9 | 23.7 ± 3.1 * |
Depression (%) | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 7.9 ± 1.8 | 9.6 ± 1.9 | 10.6 ± 2.1 |
Anger (%) | 7.0 ± 1.0 | 7.1 ± 1.4 | 10.7 ± 2.0 | 10.5 ± 1.7 |
Fatigue (%) | 28.1 ± 4.1 | 28.1 ± 4.6 | 30.4 ± 3.9 | 28.3 ± 3.5 |
Confusion (%) | 23.8 ± 2.9 | 23.9 ± 3.1 | 28.6 ± 3.3 | 24.5 ± 2.8 |
Vigour (%) | 56.2 ± 2.8 | 50.5 ± 3.0 | 49.2 ± 2.8 | 52.5 ± 3.5 |
TMD a (%) | −40.1 ± 3.6 | −33.7 ± 4.6 | −28.7 ± 4.2 | −33.0 ± 5.0 |
Subjective memory complaints (%) | 37.5 ± 4.1 | 33.7 ± 4.1 | 35.7 ± 3.9 | 39.4 ± 4.5 |
Quality of Life (%) | 70.4 ± 2.4 | 72.5 ± 1.9 | 67.1 ± 2.5 | 69.4 ± 2.4 |
PL (n = 32) | FO (n = 31) | CUR (n = 30) | FO + CUR (n = 30) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tension (%) | 0.4 ± 1.5 | −0.5 ± 2.1 | 0.0 ± 2.1 | −0.8 ± 2.5 |
Depression (%) | −0.6 ± 1.3 | −1.6 ± 1.8 | −1.8 ± 2.1 | −0.1 ± 1.6 |
Anger (%) | −2.1 ± 1.2 | 0.2 ± 1.5 | −2.1 ± 2.1 | −2.2 ± 1.7 |
Fatigue (%) | −3.1 ± 4.0 | 0.1 ± 4.0 | −1.5 ± 3.5 | 3.8 ± 3.9 |
Confusion (%) | −3.1 ± 2.4 | −3.4 ± 2.8 | −7.6 ± 3.1 | −3.8 ± 2.4 |
Vigour (%) | −3.7 ± 2.6 | 1.5 ± 2.9 | 3.5 ± 2.0 * | 2.5 ± 2.4 |
TMD a (%) | 2.0 ± 3.8 | −2.6 ± 4.2 | −6.1 ± 3.3 | −3.1 ± 3.7 |
Subjective memory complaints (%) | −1.8 ± 2.5 | −2.6 ± 2.4 | −6.7 ± 2.7 | −8.9 ± 3.1 |
Quality of Life (%) | 0.3 ± 1.8 | 2.4 ± 1.8 | 2.0 ± 2.1 | 2.1 ± 2.4 |
APOE4 Non-Carrier (n = 48) | APOE4 Carrier (n = 17) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex (female %) | 52 | 53 | |
Age (years) | 66.3 ± 1.2 | 64.0 ± 1.8 | 0.298 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 31.5 ± 0.6 | 29.3 ± 0.7 | 0.052 |
Depressive symptoms (%) | 15.2 ± 1.8 | 15.4 ± 4.2 | 0.953 |
EPA (%) | 1.06 ± 0.37 | 1.04 ± 0.44 | 0.807 |
DHA (%) | 5.49 ± 1.36 | 5.73 ± 1.31 | 0.527 |
Tension (%) | 20.9 ± 2.3 | 25.5 ± 5.3 | 0.356 |
Depression (%) | 10.4 ± 1.8 | 9.7 ± 3.4 | 0.855 |
Anger (%) | 8.5 ± 1.4 | 12.2 ± 3.1 | 0.214 |
Fatigue (%) | 30.3 ± 4.1 | 23.3 ± 3.9 | 0.219 |
Confusion (%) | 26.8 ± 2.8 | 22.3 ± 4.0 | 0.388 |
Vigour (%) | 49.4 ± 2.7 | 52.2 ± 5.7 | 0.619 |
TMD a (%) | −30.0 ± 4.2 | −33.6 ± 8.0 | 0.671 |
Subjective memory complaints (%) | 41.9 ± 3.8 | 30.6 ± 6.5 | 0.137 |
Quality of life (%) | 69.5 ± 2.0 | 72.7 ± 3.4 | 0.430 |
PL (n = 32) | FO (n = 22) | CUR (n = 30) | FO + CUR (n = 22) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tension (%) | 0.4 ± 1.5 | −3.6 ± 1.8 | 0.0 ± 2.1 | −2.7 ± 3.0 |
Depression (%) | −0.6 ± 1.3 | −4.4 ± 1.9 | −1.8 ± 2.1 | −1.7 ± 1.9 |
Anger (%) | −2.1 ± 1.2 | −1.8 ± 1.3 | −2.1 ± 2.1 | −2.9 ± 2.0 |
Fatigue (%) | −3.1 ± 4.0 | −3.8 ± 4.4 | −1.5 ± 3.5 | 2.3 ± 4.8 |
Confusion (%) | −3.1 ± 2.4 | −7.9 ± 2.7 | −7.6 ± 3.1 | −4.4 ± 3.1 |
Vigour (%) | −3.7 ± 2.6 | 4.8 ± 3.3 * | 3.5 ± 2.0 * | 3.6 ± 3.1 |
TMD a (%) | 2.0 ± 3.8 | −9.1 ± 4.0 * | −6.1 ± 3.3 | −5.4 ± 4.8 |
Subjective memory complaints (%) | −1.8 ± 2.5 | −6.1 ± 2.6 | −6.7 ± 2.7 | −11.0 ± 3.9 * |
Quality of life (%) | 0.3 ± 1.8 | 4.6 ± 2.0 | 2.0 ± 2.1 | 1.8 ± 2.9 |
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Kuszewski, J.C.; Howe, P.R.C.; Wong, R.H.X. An Exploratory Analysis of Changes in Mental Wellbeing Following Curcumin and Fish Oil Supplementation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2902. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102902
Kuszewski JC, Howe PRC, Wong RHX. An Exploratory Analysis of Changes in Mental Wellbeing Following Curcumin and Fish Oil Supplementation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Nutrients. 2020; 12(10):2902. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102902
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuszewski, Julia C., Peter R. C. Howe, and Rachel H. X. Wong. 2020. "An Exploratory Analysis of Changes in Mental Wellbeing Following Curcumin and Fish Oil Supplementation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults" Nutrients 12, no. 10: 2902. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102902