Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves 24-Hour Glucose Levels and Affects Markers of the Circadian Clock, Aging, and Autophagy in Humans
by
Humaira Jamshed 1, Robbie A. Beyl 2, Deborah L. Della Manna 3, Eddy S. Yang 3
, Eric Ravussin 4 and Courtney M. Peterson 1,*
Humaira Jamshed 1, Robbie A. Beyl 2, Deborah L. Della Manna 3, Eddy S. Yang 3, Eric Ravussin 4 and Courtney M. Peterson 1,*
1
Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
2
Biostatistics and Analysis Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
3
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
4
Translational Physiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2019, 11(6), 1234; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061234
Received: 18 April 2019 / Revised: 20 May 2019 / Accepted: 22 May 2019 / Published: 30 May 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Effects of Intermittent Fasting: How Broad are the Benefits?)
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of intermittent fasting that involves having a longer daily fasting period. Preliminary studies report that TRF improves cardiometabolic health in rodents and humans. Here, we performed the first study to determine how TRF affects gene expression, circulating hormones, and diurnal patterns in cardiometabolic risk factors in humans. Eleven overweight adults participated in a 4-day randomized crossover study where they ate between 8 am and 2 pm (early TRF (eTRF)) and between 8 am and 8 pm (control schedule). Participants underwent continuous glucose monitoring, and blood was drawn to assess cardiometabolic risk factors, hormones, and gene expression in whole blood cells. Relative to the control schedule, eTRF decreased mean 24-hour glucose levels by 4 ± 1 mg/dl (p = 0.0003) and glycemic excursions by 12 ± 3 mg/dl (p = 0.001). In the morning before breakfast, eTRF increased ketones, cholesterol, and the expression of the stress response and aging gene SIRT1 and the autophagy gene LC3A (all p < 0.04), while in the evening, it tended to increase brain-derived neurotropic factor (BNDF; p = 0.10) and also increased the expression of MTOR (p = 0.007), a major nutrient-sensing protein that regulates cell growth. eTRF also altered the diurnal patterns in cortisol and the expression of several circadian clock genes (p < 0.05). eTRF improves 24-hour glucose levels, alters lipid metabolism and circadian clock gene expression, and may also increase autophagy and have anti-aging effects in humans.
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Keywords:
intermittent fasting; time-restricted feeding; meal timing; circadian rhythms; circadian system
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MDPI and ACS Style
Jamshed, H.; Beyl, R.A.; Della Manna, D.L.; Yang, E.S.; Ravussin, E.; Peterson, C.M. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves 24-Hour Glucose Levels and Affects Markers of the Circadian Clock, Aging, and Autophagy in Humans. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1234.
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